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• appropriate for the pennil area since most areas of infestation are located along the Tallahassee Creek <br />embankments where the use of fans machinery would not be feasible. Burning may reduce the viability of <br />the leafy spurge seed crop during the flowering season but is not recommended. Burning and other <br />physical damage to leafy spurge causes the plant to produce a hormone that promotes root growth <br />thereby encouraging the continued proliferation of the plant (pers. comm., Latimer County Weed Control <br />agent). <br />Some perennial grass species can effectively compete with leafy spurge, but establishment of these <br />species in most areas of infestation in the permit area would be difficult due periodic scouring stream flows <br />in Tallahassee Creek. <br />Methods of biological control include insects that feed on leafy spurge in its native environments and <br />identified pathogens (bacteria and fungi) that attack leafy spurge roots, crowns, and seedlings. Biological <br />control is not recommended to manage small patches of leafy spurge because these methods work <br />slowly, will not prevent seed production, and will not eradicate the weed. <br />Chemical control through the use of herbicides is one of the most effective means of controlling or <br />eradicating leafy spurge. When patches of leafy spurge are small and isolated, it is possible to eradicate <br />• them with herbiddes. However, herbidde application must be consistent for a period of 3 to 5 years to <br />assure control of leafy spurge. In sites where seed production has occurred, these areas should be <br />monitored for a minimum of 8 years with herbicde application cydes reinitiated in areas where regrowth is <br />detected. Several herbicides proven to be effective against leafy spurge are commercially available. <br />However, the number that are suitable for applications near water or sbeam systems such as Tallahassee <br />Creek are limited. <br />SUGGESTED MANAGEMENT PLAN <br />1) Since leafy spurge is present primarily as relatively small isolated patches along the embankments of <br />Tallahassee Creek, it is recommended that control and eradication be conducted through herbidde <br />application. Because of the terrain involved and the proximity of growth sites within or adjacent to the <br />Tallahassee Creek floodplain, it is recommend that herbicide applications be made with the use of hand- <br />held or backpack type sprayers to avoid excessive application or unnecessary overspray. R is <br />recommended that 2,4-D Amine with an aquatic label (or other similar herbicde approved by Fremont <br />County) be used in all areas within or near the Tallahassee Creek floodplain. An application rate of <br />approximately 2 quarts per acre applied at 3-week intervals during the growing season (or other rate <br />approved by Fremont County) is suitable for leafy spurge control. A surfactant approved for aquatic sites <br />. should also be added to the spray solution to obtain the best resuRs. In areas where patches of leafy <br />spurge are present, an area of an extra 70 to 15 feet around each patch should be treated to control <br />3 <br />