2002-05-13_PERMIT FILE - C1980004A

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• types have been reported as surface finds by Baker et al. (1980), Buckles (1971), Carpenter et al. (1976), Conner et al. (1980), Hibbets et al. (1979), Huscher (1939), Hurst (1942), Martin (1977), Reed and Scott (1,980), Steward (1933), Stucky (1977), and Worming ton and Lister (1956). Western Archaic Tradition The transition from the Paleo-Indian to the Archaic stage reflects a shift in the availability of food resources brought about by climatic changes at the end of the Pleistocene epoch. The beginning of the Holo- cene marks the extinction of the megafauna and a shift in the aboriginal subsistence pattern from one based upon the hunting of large mammals to one more dependent upon small mammal hunting and the gathering of a wider variety of plant materials. Maturing plant resources were exploited on a seasonal basis, and sites therefore tend to be small, probably visited on • a yearly round. The western variation of this tradition may have appeared in the Great Basin as early as 9500 B.C. at Danger Cave in western Utah (Jennings 1957); it is positively identified in Zone II (8000-7000 B.C.) at Danger Cave. Referred to as the Western Archaic or Desert Culture, this tradition is characterized by slab milling stones, fine-twined basketry and netting, bone awls, and small corner-notched projectile points. It was restricted to the Great Basin until the Altithermal, when variations of this tradi- tion began to encroach upon former strongholds of the Big Game Hunters and the Old Cordillera traditions to the east and north, respectively. Reed and Scott (1980: 35) refer to the Desert Archaic as a technocomplex which includes "all sites in the arid and semiarid west that reflect an Archaic lifestyle based on a seasonally migratory hunting and gathering of modern fauna and flora." No time period is assigned this technocomplex, which may have been extant until the Pro to historic. . The early to middle Archaic is represented by McKean Complex points 14