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• LITERATURE SEARCH <br />A search of the Inventory of Historic Sites, the Colorado Archaeo- <br />logical Site Inventory, and nominations pending or on the National Register <br />was made (see Appendix A for documentation of files search). Historic <br />documents were also consulted as were published and unpublished survey <br />and excavation reports of the region. <br />The literature search revealed that no sites, either historic or pre- <br />historic, have been reported within the study area. However, within 1.5 <br />miles of the project boundaries, five archaeological sites (5GF114, 5GF116, <br />5GF168, 5GF326, and 5GF327) have been recorded. These sites and others <br />reported regionally indicate a cultural chronology spanning 10,000 years <br />and include manifestations of the early prehistoric Palen-Indian/Big Game <br />Hunter peoples, the middle prehistoric Archaic hunter/gatherer groups, the <br />late prehistoric Fremont horticulturalists/foragers, the protohistoric- <br />• historic pre-horse hunter/gatherers, and the early historic horse-riding <br />nomads. A short description of each of these cultures follows. <br />Palen-Indian Tradition <br />The Palen-Indian horizon of North America is represented by three <br />Big Game Hunting traditions-- the Llano, Folsom, and Plano. These tradi- <br />tions are generally characterized by lanceolate- and leaf-shaped, bifacially <br />flaked, fluted and unfluted projectile points, and the hunting of now- <br />extinct Pleistocene megafauna. <br />The Llano, which developed on the grasslands of the Great Plains and <br />parts of the southwest, is the oldest of the three traditions. Radiocarbon <br />dates from the Dent Site in Colorado and the Blackwater Draw No. 1 site in <br />eastern New Mexico cluster around 9200 B.C. Artifactual and faunal material <br />from these two sites indicate that aboriginals were hunting mammoth <br />. (Columbian) with a finely flaked, fluted, lanceolate point having slight <br />12 <br />