2006-11-07_PERMIT FILE - M2006077

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Page 14 of 23 MANAGEMENT Appendix 1 Figure 2: DALMATION TOADFLAX [Linaria dalmatian (L J Iv511. = Linaria genisdfolia ssp. dalmatica (LJ Malre & Petitmengin]. Noxious. This differs from yellow toadflax principally in being larger and having differently shaped leaves. Clumps of stems ate 3 to 4 feet tall Waxy leaves are broad, ovate, sometimes heart shaped and upper leaves clasp the stem (an important difference). Seeds are irregulaz in shape, angular, somewhat flattened, thin-edged, strongly netted, tan-gray and I/24 to 1/16 inch across. It is not as wmmon, but is more aggressive than yellow toadflax. It is repotted in various parts of the state from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. All toadflax species are very difliadt to control and management plans should integrate as many strategies as possible to increase potential for success. Assess the condition and composition of the existing plant community in an infested area then determine the approximate composition of the desired plant community needed to achieve land managemem goals and objectives. Create a management plan that combines various control strategies to foster development of the desired plant community. Chemical Control of Yellow Toadtlaa Yellow toadflax appears to be more difficult to manage than Dalmatian toadflax. In Colomdo, control from Tordon applied at flowering has been most wnsistent and typically, 4 pUA is recommended. Yellow toadflax usually recovers from a single application. For example, Tordon applied at 4 or 8 pUA controlled 13 percent and 69 percent of yellow toadflax three years after treatments were applied. Other research conducted in Colorado suggests that yellow toadflax control may be improved if Tordon is applied over three consecutive yeazs, but control varied with location. In one experiment conducted at high altitude (Camp Hale; elevation approximately 10,000 feet), 4 pUA of Tordon applied at flowering for three consecutive years decreased shoot density to zero. However, the same treatment applied for three years at two other locations (White River drainage, elevation approximately 8,500 feet) controlled 69 percent and 35 percent of yellow toadflax. Telaz also may be used to control yellow toadflax in non-crop areas. In an experiment conducted in Middle Park neaz Parshall, Telar at 1.25 ounce/A applied during flowering or in fall controlled 84 percent of yellow toadflax one yeaz later. Escort, 2,4-D amine, Banvel, and Paramount controlled from 5 percent to 24 percent of yellow toadflax one year after single treatments were applied at flowering. Plateau showed some potential to control yellow toadflax in another Colorado experiment where 8 fluid ounces per acre applied once in fall controlled 59 percent of yellow toadflax one year later. While this level of control is unsatisfactory, sequential treatments may increase control but experiments must be conducted to test this hypothesis. Mechanical and Chemical Control of Vellow Toadilax Mowing wmbined with spraying Tordon did not improve control in an experiment conducted near Hespents, Colorado. Yellow toadflax was mowed three times per year then treated with Tordon at 4 pUA in fall for two consecutive years and compared to Tordon applied at 4 pUA at flowering also for two consecutive years. Yellow toadflax control was the same (85 percent) whether Tordon treatments were combined with mowing or not.