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<br /> <br />3M SURFACE SUBSIDENCE <br />Tabk 9.i.i Sululdence Faetor and Rath of Maximum HorlwoW Dlsplaeemenl W <br />Maslmum 1'ooibk SubJdenn^ <br /> <br />Coal Field and Method of Packina Subsidence <br />Factor <br />Ratid <br />Britixh caul ficldx (tl) <br />Solid stowing 0.43 0.16 <br />living or urip-packina 0.90 0.16 <br />Ruhr cos( field. Germany <br />Pneumatic stowing 0.43 0.33-0.43 <br />Other solid stowing 0.30 0.35-0.45 <br />living 0.90 0.35-0.45 <br />North and Pas de Calais coal field, <br />France <br />Hydraulic stowing 0.23-0.33 0.40 <br />Pneumatic stowing 0.43-0.SS 0.40 <br />Caving 0.83-0.90 0.40 <br />Upper Silesia, Pbland <br />Hydraulic slowing 0.12 - <br />Gving 0.70 - <br />U.S.S.R. <br />lkrnbaxs district O.R 0.3 <br />Lvov-Volyn dixlricl O.tl-0.9 0.34 <br />Kizelov disvict 0.4-0.8 0.3 <br />Donets. Kurnclsk, nnJ K:rmgirndn <br />districts 0.73-0.83 0.3 <br />SubMoacow and Cheliabinski districu 0.85-0.90 0.35 <br />Pechora 0.65-0.90 0.3-0.3 <br />U.S.A. <br />Fxsietn (room and pillar) (9) 0.10-0.60 <br />Central (lungwaln (1111 U.SO-U.60 <br />Central (room and pillar) (10) 0.10-0.40 <br />Weatem (S. 6) U.33-0.65 <br />•Unlas otherwise oared, all values are from Brauner (13, 2W. <br />•Ratio ~ maairrwm horizontal displucemenUmaximum possible subsidence. <br />coal seam, the larger is the surface subsidence, because a latyer void is <br />!eR to be filled. The maximum possible surface subsidence is <br />S~ ~ ma <br />where m is seam thickness and o is a subsidence factor that ranges from <br />0.10 to 0.9. Table 9.2.2 lists the subsidence facton used in vllrioua wun- <br />tries.with different gob support methods. In the utbk, stowing rofero to <br /> <br /> <br />