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~~. ~'`; religious structures in the moradas (meeting houses), resources types that may r ditches, fences, and trails. area, including churches, and cemeteries. Othe be found are corrals. 33 Penitente r cultural irrigation The Colorado and Wyoming (C & W) Railway was constructed between 1900 and 1903 (McKenzie 1982). The rail line followed the • Purgatoire River valley from Trinidad to Weston, at which point it turned southwest to follow the South Fork Purgatoire River. Construction of the line to its westernmost end at the Cuatro f Mine was completed in February 1903. That portion of the line that followed the South Fork is now abandoned, but the grade is still intact in places. A newer rail line follows the Purgatoire River valley west, through the permit revision area, and ends near the New Elk (Allen) Mine. GLO Records The General Land Office records for Township 33 South, Range 67 ~. West provide some useful data on the history of land ownership in the project area. Two types of GLO records were examined: the survey plat of the township, and the land patent information shown on the Master Title Plat and summarized in the Historical Index. The results are explained below. Survey of the township was initiated in 1869 and completed in 1871. The resultant map vas published on February 24, 1872 by the Surveyor General's office, Denver, Colorado Territory. The map shows the cadastral sections in the township, and the number L of acres in each section and its aliquot parts. The map depicts the Las Animas River (since renamed the Purgatoire River); four main tributaries to the river, which are now labelled (from east ~~' to west) the South Fork Purgatoire River, Wet canyon, Lopez ~; Canyon, and Santistevan Canyon; and several topographic eminences, which do not correspond precisely with any named peaks or mesas in the area. The boundaries of the Beaubien ~ Miranda Grant are shown at the bottom of the map, south of the river. ~~. No other cultural features (buildings or roads, for example) are depicted. ~= The history of land patents contained in the GLO records provides much useful information on regional settlement patterns. Table f 3 summarizes the patents that have been granted for those 1;1 sections encompassed within the permit revision area. The first two entries in the table differ slightly from the remaining patents. The School Grant refers to the Enabling Act passed by Congress in 1876, which sets aside Sections 16 and 36 in every ~,~ township for support of schools and grants title to those lands to the state in which they are found. The first patent refers only to Section 36, but presumably Section 16 is included. 'The second entry refers to the land grant given to Charles Beaubien and Guadalupe Miranda in 1841 and approved by Congress in 1860 (Mehls and Carter 1984:II-18). The patent for this grant was not