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~f:; 2 0 patterns for the entire Colorado Plains bespeaks the pervasive influence of the Woodland Tradition. r The initial Woodland substage (A. D. 450-750) signifies the beginning of a cultural division between the South Platte drainage (northeast Colorado) and Arkansas drainage (southeast Colorado). Preference for the bow is pronounced as projectile '" point styles become more or less evenly divided between dart (Catan, Marcos, and Ellis) and arrow (Scallorn, Alba, Young, and Fresno) points. Ceramics are the same deep, cordmarked variety and are still somewhat scarce. Maize horticulture is assumed to be present although direct evidence is absent. Recovered faunal remains suggest a renew interest in larger game such as bison and deer. Substantial architecture is the newest development during I~ this period. These structures are mostly isolated single-room stone enclosures constructed of dry-laid masonry. Eddy, et al. (1982:43) suggest that "This settlement pattern appears to reflect small farmsteads occupied by family units. Each family unit probably had its own small territory for agriculture and wild-plant gathering." The architecture, ceramics, and settlement pattern for the Initial Woodland is similar to the Graneros Focus of the Pueblo area (Eddy, et al. 1982:43). The discovery of 47 sites dating to this period on the Chaquaqua Plateau (Campbell 1969) suggests a population increase, possibly as a result of an increased reliance upon maize horticulture. '~ The Terminal Woodland period (A.D. 750-1,000) reflects an increased emphasis upon a sedentary lifestyle and continuation •: of Woodland influence. Arrow points such as Scallorn, Chaquaqua, Fresno, and Huffaker doainate the lithic assemblage f and indicate a nearly universal acceptance of the bow and arrow • `= (Eddy, et al. 1982:43 and Figure 4.2). Hunting of big game .. animals declines and small animals such as rabbits and rodents once again dominate the faunal assemblage. Architectural styles -; ~' change very little but continued population increase is indicated '`i+ by the greater frequency of multi-roomed structures. Deep, cord- <. marked pottery is gradually replaced by a shallow, cordmarked ;~.; ~. form. :~., ~`<' Following the Plains Woodland sub-stage at A.D. 1000, a marked cultural change occurs which persists until approximately A.D. 1300. This is the Panhandle Aspect, derived from cultural groups originating in the panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas. The local ~ manifestation of the Panhandle Aspect is the Upper Purgatoire Complex, defined on the basis of the results of extensive excavations conducted by Trinidad State Junior College at large sites near Trinidad. It contains a single phase, the Sopris •• Phase, and is divided into three sub-periods on the basis oP archaeomagnetic dating, ceramic cross-dating, ceramic seriation, and stratigraphic and architectural sequences (Wood and Bair '~ 1980:227): Initial Sopris Phase (A.D. 1000-1100), Early Sopris Phase (A. D. 1100-1500), and Late Sopris Phase (A.D. 1150-1225). The following descriptions of each sub-period are derived from Wood and Bair (1980).