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• Newlin and Oak Creek are utilized for municipal water supply with <br />diversions at or above the zone where these streams cross the fault zone <br />and upturned synclinal axis. Both the City of Florence diversion on <br />Newlin Creek and the City of Rockvale diversion on Oak Creek capture and <br />utilize all or most of the flow volume of these respective creeks. <br />Downstream from the diversions, flows in both Newlin and Oak Creeks are <br />limited to runoff from downgradient portions of the respective drainage <br />areas. Resulting flows in lower Newlin and Oak Creeks, as well as the <br />numerous ephemeral drainages, also provide limited recharge where these <br />drainages cross outcrop or subcrop areas for the various stratigraphic <br />units. Limited recharge may also occur as a result of direct <br />precipitation and infiltration in these outcrop/subcrop areas. <br />There is significant potential capacity for groundwater storage in the <br />mine, loadout, and adjacent areas with most of the stratigraphic units <br />having the capability to store groundwater. This natural storage capacity <br />• is supplemented by the existence of extensive underground mine workings <br />which provide additional groundwater storage capacity. However, the <br />potential for groundwater storage is limited by low horizontal and <br />vertical hydraulic conductivity and related difficulties in transferring <br />water from recharge areas to potential storage locations. <br />The value of abandoned underground mine workings as storage reservoirs and <br />sources of groundwater for beneficial use is due in large part to the <br />location of mine portals in outcrop areas and the secondary effect of <br />subsidence fractures which serve as conduits for vertical transmission of <br />groundwater. These physical factors coupled with the availability of <br />large reservoir chambers and the inherent differential in hydraulic <br />pressure between mine openings and surrounding in-place rock have resulted <br />in recharge rates to underground workings well above groundwater flow <br />rates within the stratigraphic sequence. <br />Generally, groundwater movement within the hydrologic basin is <br />• downgradient from the basin margins and outcrop areas toward the axis of <br />the Chandler syncline and parallel to the syncline axis toward the <br />Arkansas River to the North. Within this general framework for overall <br />groundwater movement, localized groundwater movements may vary <br />2.04.7-9 <br />