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West Elk Mine <br />Maximum Curvature <br />~ Curvature, i.e., subscript (C„J which is the reciprocal of radius of curvature (and thus expressed <br />in radians/foot [rad/ft]), is calculated from differential tilt. Maximum positive (convex upwazd) <br />curvature in the West Elk Mine monitoring network is as much as 50 percent more over chain <br />pillars than it is above longwall panel boundaries. Maximum positive curvature at the current <br />West Elk Mine ranges from 14.4 to 18 (Sn,/d2) with a numeric range of 0.000060 to 0.000065 <br />rad/ft above longwall panel boundaries to an average of 24 (Stu/dr) with a turmeric range of <br />0.000144 to 0.00022 rad/ft above the chain pillars. <br />I <br />Maximum negative (concave upward) curvature averaged about the same when measured above <br />the chain pillars as it did above the panel boundaries. Maximum negative curvature ranges from <br />about -20 to -25 (Smld2) (-0.000111 to -0.000066 rad/ft) above longwall panel boundazies and has <br />an average value of -24 (Sm/dZ) (-0.00012 to -0.00025 rad/ft) in the panel centers between the <br />chain pillazs. Maximum positive and negative curvature in four different areas of the Westem <br />United States ranges from 9 to 45 (Stu/dr). Maximum curvature ranges are given below for the <br />eastern and western panels of the Apache Rocks and the Box Canyon mining areas. <br />Apache Rocks Mining Area -Maximum positive curvature projected for B-Seam mining in the <br />eastern panels of the Apache Rocks mining area (using an average West Elk Mine value of <br />24 (Stu/dZ)), ranges from 0.000023 to 0.00025 rad/ft; maximum negative curvature (using a <br />similar average of -24 [Stu/d2)) ranges from -0.000033 to -0.00069 rad/ft. Maximum positive <br />curvature projected in the western panels of the Apache Rocks mining area, after E and B-Seam <br />mining is completed, is projected to range from 0.00026 to 0.00132 rad/ft. Maximum negative <br />curvature projected in the western panels for E and B-Seam mining ranges from approximately <br />-0.00026 to -0.00132 rad/ft. <br />Box Carryon Mining Area -Maximum positive curvature for the two northern panels, Panels 1 <br />and 2, is projected to be 0.000030 to 0.000410 radlft; for Panel 3, 0.000024 to 0.000202 rad/ft; <br />for Panels 4 through 6, 0.000016 to 0.000239 rad/ft. Similarly, maximum negative curvature is <br />projected at -0.000022 to -0.000410 rad/ft for Panels 1 and 2; -0.000024 to -0.000202 rad/ft for <br />Panel 3; -0.000016 to -0.000239 rad/ft for Panels 4 through 6. <br />Maximum Horizontal Strain <br />i• <br />Maximum horizontal tensile strain (E„J measured in the West Elk Mine monitoring network <br />ranges from 1.12 to 1.4 (S~,/d) (0.0058 to 0.0102). The range of horizontal tensile strain in four <br />different mine areas of the Westem United States studied by Mr. Dunrud is 0.45 to 3 (Stu/d). <br />Using an average value of 1.3 (Stu/d) for maximum predicted horizontal tensile strain above the <br />chain pillars, the gate road entries, and barriers between panels and an average of 2 (Stu/d) for <br />2 (Stu/d) for maximum predicted horizontal compressive strain, the following strain values are <br />projected for the Apache Rocks and the Box Canyon mining areas. <br />2.05-118 Revised Jim. /995 PR06; 1/96 RN03; RevisedJmi. 1998 PR08 <br />