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14 • SOIL SURVEY • Permeability is moderate, and the available water capacity is high. Surface runoff is medium. The hazard of wind erasion is slight, and the hazard of water erosion ie moderate. Moat of the acreage ie rangeland that is also used for recreation and wildlife. A cold climate and a short grow- ing season limit the production of introduced grasses and preclude use of this soil as cropland. Management of this sort for range should include a deferred grazing system and brvsh control Grasses recommended for seeding include western wheatgrass, elender wheatgrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain brome, Arizona fescue, and big bluegrass. The dominant native vegetation consists of wheatgrass, Junegrass, big sagebrush, anowberry, and numerous fortis. The total an- nual production averages about 1,600 pounds of air-dry forage per acre. Excessive slope is the most limiting Bail property to be considered in the design of access roads and recreation homesite subdivisions. Slope stabilization ie diffcult even where houses are conetrvcted on nearly level pads. Sur- face runoff resulting from snowmelt increases the erosion hazazd on cut and fill elopes. Seeding of vegetation minimizes the erosion hazazd, but establishing a stand is difficult Houses should be designed to utilize the existing slope and keep foundation cuts to a minimum. Roads should be designed to keep cut and fill slopes to a minimum and also provide drainage outlets for excessive snowmelt. All-weather asphalt surfaces are impractical unless provisions are made to offset frost action. Rangeland wildlife includes mule deer, sage grouse, white-tolled jackrabbit, mourning dove, ground squirrels, and yellow-bellied marmot. Capability subclass VIe. 12F-Leavitt loam, 15 to 55 percent elopes. This is a deep, well drained, moderately steep to steep sail an mountainsides and ridges. It formed in alluvium derived from various sources. The average annual precipitation is about 16 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 38 degrees F, and the frost-free season is 30 to 75 days. Elevation is 7,500 to 9,000 feet. Small areas of Youga and Cimarron soils are included in mapping. About 3 miles northwest of Breckenridge are similar soils that have red sandstone bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown and about 8 inches thick It is loam in the upper part and light clay loam in the lower part. The subsoil ie brown clay loam about 21 inches thick. The substratum is light olive brown slay loam to a depth of 60 inches or more. Permeability is moderate and the available water capacity is high. Surface runoff is medium. The hazard of wind erosion ie alight, and the hazard oY water erosion ie high. Most of the acreage is rangeland that is also used for recreation and wildlife. A cold climate and a short grow- ing season limit the production of introduced greases and preclude use of this soil ee cropland. Management of this soil for range should include a deferred grazing system and brush control Grasses recommended for seeding include western wheatgrase, elender wheatgrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain brome, Arizona fescue, and big bluegrass. The dominant native vegetation consists of wheatgrass, Junegrasa, big sagebrush, anowberry, and numerous fortis. The total an- nual production averages about 1,600 pounds of air-dry forage per acre. Excessive slope ie the most limiting soil property to be considered in the design of access roads and recreation homesite subdivisions. Slope stabilization is difficult even where homes are constrvcted on nearly level pads. Sur- face rvnoff resulting from snowmelt increases the erosion hazazd on cut and fill slopes. Seeding of vegetation minimizes the erosion hazard, but establishing a stand is difficult. Homes should be designed to utilize the existing slope and keep foundation cola to a minimum. Roads should be designed to keep cut and fill elopes to a minimum and provide drainage outlets for excessive snowmelt. All-weather asphalt surfaces are impractical unless provisions are made to offset frost action. Rangeland wildlife includes mule deer, sage grouse, white-tailed jackrabbit, mourning dove, ground squirsels, and yellow-bellied marmot. Capability subclass Vlfe. 13-Mine dumps. Mine dumps aze areas of uneven ac- cumulations, or piles, of waste rock (fig. 2). These areas have little or no segregation of rock fragments or of sail material or of both. Areas are difficult to reclaim because each spoil pile reacts differently to treatment. Revegetation and erosion control are extremely difficult (fig. 3). Capability class VIII. 14C-Muggine Bandy loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes. Thia is a deep, well drained, nearly level to gently sloping soil on alluvial fans. It formed in glacial drift derived from various sources. The average annual precipitation is about 18 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 34 degrees F, and the frost-free season is 30 to 50 days. Elevation is 7,600 to 10,000 feet. Small areas of Frisco, Peeler, and Anvik soils are in- cluded in mapping. Also included aze a few small pockets of locally transported weathered shale. Typically, the surface is covered with a duff layer of needles and twigs about 3 inches thick. Below that is a leached layer of pinkish gray sandy loam about 12 inches thick. Next is a layer of Gght sandy clay loam about 6 inches thick. The subsoil is reddish brown sandy clay about 32 inches thick The substratum is light reddish brown sandy clay loam to a depth of 60 inches or more. Permeability is slow, and the available water capacity ie high. Surface rvnoff is medium. The hazazd oY wind and water erosion is slight. Moat of the acreage is woodland that is used for recrea- tion, wildlife, and timber production. A cold climate and a short growing season limit the production of introduced grasses and wood crops.