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26 SOIL SURVEY Windbreaks and environmental plantings are difficult to establish on this soil. Soil blowing and low available water capacity are the principal concerns in establishing trees and shrubs. Tees should be planted in shallow fur- rows, and a vegetative cover maintained between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to insure sur- vivaL Trees best suited and having good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa pine and Siberian elm. Shrubs best suited aze skunkbush sumac, lilac and Siberian peashrnb. Openland wildlife such as pheasant, cottontail rabbit and mourning dove are suited to this soil. In cropland areas favorable habitat can be developed by establishing wildlife areas for nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is vital and should be included in plans for habitat development. Tree and shrub plantings along fence lines, irrigation ditches, road- sides and atreambanks also help encourage wildlife. Ran- geland wildlife, including antelope and jackrabbits, can be encouraged on grassbmds by livestock grazing manage- ment, livestock water developments, and types of fencing to permit unrestricted antelope movement. Where this soil is used for homesites and other urban developments, the primary limiting soil features aze seepage and soil blowing. Where sewage lagoon systems are rnnsidered, special sealing methods are required to overcome excessive seepage. This soil should be protected at all times by utilization of mulches or vegetative cover. Capability subclass VIe nonirrigated, IVs irrigated. 22-Dailey loamy sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on uplands, convex ridges and hills. It formed in eolian, noncalcareous sands and is dominantly in the sandhill azea that parallels the South Platte River on the south. The average annual precipitation ranges from 15 to 19 inches. Slopes are moderately sloping to gently rolling. Included in this unit are small areas of Julesburg loamy sand, 3 to 9 percent slopes, and Valent soils having slopes of 9 to 12 percent. Typically the surface layer is grayish brown loamy sand about 16 inches thick. The underlying layer is pale brown loamy sand (fig. 6) that extends to 60 inches or more. Permeability is rapid. Effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Available water capacity is low. Surface runoff is slow, the water erosion hazard is slight, and the soil blowing hazazd is moderate. This soil is used mainly for sprinkler irrigated cropland. Corn, sugar beets, and alfalfa are the principal crops grown. The remaining acreage is used for grazing. This soil is not suited for nonirrigated cropland because of low available water capacity. Areas cultivated are usually severely eroded and are best seeded to grass. In irrigated cropland areas the main concerns of management are soil blowing, maintenance of organic matter and fertility. This soil is best suited to the sprin- kler irrigation method because of the rapid permeability. Most of the pivotal sprinklers are located in aeeas of this soil. Special care consisting of growing cover crops after harvesting row crops and incorporating crop residues dur- ing periods when no growing crop is present to protect the soil is needed. Applications of manure and use of crop residues help maintain and improve soil filth and organic matter content. Applications of commercial fertilizers con- taining nitrogen and phosphorus are required for high yields of all crops. Rangeland vegetation of this soil consists mainly of sand bluestem, switchgrass, sand reedgrass, little bluestem, needleandthread, aideoats grams, sand drop- seed, sedge, and blue grams. These grasses furnish most of the forage. Sand sagebrush is scattered in the vegeta- tion. Grazing management must be aimed at the main- tenance or improvement of range condition through proper grazing use. Without management of grazing, the plant cover loses the tall productive grasses. Deferred grazing is highly effective in management systems for livestock use. Brush management is needed in areas where sand sagebrush forms a dense stand because of continued heavy grazing use. Seeding is essential if severely depleted areas develop. Fencing and livestock watering places aid in obtaining more uniform distribu- tion of grazing. Care must be taken not to locate livestock water developments in places where serious wind erasion can result. Windbreaks and environmental plantings are difficult to establish on this soil. Soil blowing and low available water capacity are the principal concerns in establishing trees and shrubs. Trees should be planted in shallow fur- rows, and vegetative Grover maintained between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is needed to insure survival. Trees best suited and having good survival aze Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedaz, ponderosa pine and Siberian elm. Shrubs beat suited aze skunkbush sumac, 117ac and Siberian peashrub. Openland wildlife such as pheasant, cottontail rabbit, and mourning dove are suited to this soil In cropland areas favorable habitat can be developed by establishing nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is vital and should be included in plane for habitat development. Tree and shrub plantings along fence lines, irrigation ditches, roadsides and streambanks also help encourage wddlife. Rangeland wildlife, including antelope and jackrabbits, can be encouraged by livestock grazing management, water developments, and types of fencing that permit unrestricted antelope movement. Where this soil is used for homesites and other urban developments, the primary limiting soil features are seepage and soil blowing. Where sewage lagoon systems are considered, special sealing methods are required to overcome excessive seepage. This soil should be protected at all times by utilization of mulches and vegetative cover. Capability subclass VIe nonirrigated, IVs irrigated. 23-Dailey loamy sand, thick surface. This is a deep, well drained soil in upland valleys. It formed in noncal- careous, eolian sands and is dominant in the sandhill area that parallels the South Platte River on the south side. The average annual precipitation ranges from 15 to 19 inches. Slopes are nearly level to gently sloping.