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23 <br />• <br />SPECIES COMBINATION <br />Competition for moisture and light between shrub seedlings and <br />species seeded for ground cover may be crucial to the successful <br />establishment of the shrubs. Four different mixes of cover species <br />were seeded with a shrub mix to determine the significance of the <br />competition and the adequacy of cover. <br />There are four plots in each replication. All plots are seeded <br />with the same shrub mix which is: serviceberry, 1 lb/A; snowberry, <br />'-z lb/A; and bitterbrush, i 1b/A. The four cover mixes are: <br />1. All native species: slender wheatgrass, <br />10 lb/A; smooth brome**, 10 lb/A; <br />penstemon*, 2 lb/A; and Utah sweetvetch, <br />2 lb/A. <br />2. Western wheatgrass "Arriba", 8 lb/A. <br />Western is expected to provide less <br />short-term but more long-term <br />competition than the mix above. <br />3. Introduced species with excellent <br />seedling vigor: intermediate <br />• wheatgrass, 16 lb/A; and alfalfa, <br />2 lb/A. <br />4. Introduced species: interemediate <br />wheatgrass, 16 lb/A; and cicer milk- <br />vetch, 8 lb/A. The milkvetch is <br />much slower to establish than <br />alfalfa. <br />There are three replications of the four treatments. The cover <br />mixes and the replication numbers are labeled on the plot diagram. <br />(Figure 6). The plots were seeded on October 21, 1975. The seed was <br />hand broadcast on a freshly-chiseled surface; the chiseling was done on <br />on the contour and it left ridges that were approximately 6 inches <br />apart and 3 inches high. Freeze-thaw action and moisture sloughed soil <br />into the furrows covering the seed. <br />* <br />Penstemon consists of a mixture of Palmer penstemon, James penstemon, <br />Penstemon spp. "Bandera", and Penstemon lentus. The penstemons <br />seeded in all 1975 studies are this same mixture. <br />** Our intention was to use a native mountain brome in this mix, however, <br />the seed although conmercially punc~ased was in fact smooth brome. <br />Note: The seed source for the serviceberry, oak, and chokecherry in all <br />the seed mimes was the Colowyo mine site. Seed sources for all <br />. other shrubs, grasses. and fortis was commercial. <br />