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• (Symphoricarpoa oreophilus) (22.2 percent cover and 80 percent <br />frequency), elk sedge (Carer geyeri) (5.2 percent cover and 100 <br />percent frequency), Gambel's oak (Quercua gambeltiti) (6 percent cover <br />and 60 percent frequency), northern bedstraw (Caltium boreale) 2.9 <br />percent cover and 90 percent frequency ) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa <br />pratenais) (2.2 percent cover and 60 percent frequency) (Table 5). <br />Shrubs accounted for 52 percent of the total cover, perennial forbs <br />accounted for 21.9 percent and perennial grasses accounted for 16.1 <br />percent of the total cover. The structure of these shrublands <br />consists of an overstory of Utah serviceberry (AmeZanchier utahenais) <br />and Gambel's oak. The shady conditions under this canopy is more <br />conducive to the growth of forbs and woody species. Elk sedge is the <br />most prevalent perennial grasslike species in the understory. All <br />• other native perennial grasses play a minor role in this vegetation <br />type. Total vegetation cover in the herb layer was 27.5 percent. <br />Cover by bare soil was only 1.0 percent. Species density in the <br />reference area was 13.4 species per square meter. <br />Total production in the herb layer of the mixed mountain <br />shrubland reference area was 67.0 g/m2 (Table 6). .The major species <br />contributing to the total were elk sedge (22.0 g/m2;), northern <br />bedstraw (9.4 g/m2) and Kentucky bluegrass (9.4 g/m2). These three <br />species accounted for approximately 60 percent of the total <br />production. It should be emphasized that only herbaceous species <br />were clipped. If the shrub species had been included in the <br />production studies, the total production would have been considerably <br />higher, since, as mentioned above, the shrubs accounted for 52 <br />• percent of the total cover. <br />17 <br />