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• <br />Oil and grease generally indicate operational efficiency and fuel and lubricant <br />containment. <br />The flow parameter is monitored through discharge permits to account for either TMDL <br />calculations, where they apply, or load based discharge calculations. <br />TDS, TSS and pH values from the Tam-Koenig and Twin Spruce pits (Table 1) give <br />general indications of local ground water quality. The Tam-Koenig and Twin Spruce pits <br />lie approximately one mile downstream and one mile upstream, respectively, from the <br />proposed Line Camp Pit. <br />TABLE 1. CDPS discharge levels from the Twin Spruce Pit and the Tam-Koenig Pit. <br />These two gravel operations are approximately 1 mile upstream and 1 mile downstream, <br />respectively, from the proposed Line Camp Pit. <br />Parameter Water Quality Standard Tam-Koenig Pit Twin Spruce Pit <br />pH 6.5-9.0 7.21 - 8.13 7.59 - 8.40 <br />TSS none -report only <2.53 - 37.4 mg/L <0.5 - 26.0 mg/L <br />TDS 400 mg/L or 1.25 times the 235 - 335 mg/L 170 - 295 mg/L <br /> background level, whichever <br /> is least restrictive, where <br /> background TDS is 0-500 <br /> mg/L; 1.25 times background <br /> where background is 501- <br /> 10,000 mg/L. <br />For this report, TDS is considered synonymous with salinity (see Hanor, 1987, p. 7, for <br />precedence). There are several salinity, TDS and conductivity-based means of <br />characterizing groundwater in the literature, and a few of these are inscribed in regulation. <br />While some criteria are presumed to be based on protection of human health -chloride for <br />instance -others are based on aesthetics -sulfate for instance. The following notes are <br />meant to provide insight to general groundwater quality features. <br />One apparently popular formal scheme for classifying waters according to salinity is that <br />of Carpenter (1978). This scheme is based partly on aesthetics, partly on presence of salt <br />tolerant species, and by comparison with seawater, which has a TDS of 35,000 mg/L. <br />~ Range for surface water. Groundwater standazd pH range is 6.5-8.5. <br />It is presumed, given the reported discharge water quality values, that groundwater in this area has TDS <400 mg/L. <br />