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• Cases and solutions
<br />That drilling mud was lost in lacustrine limestone, sand-
<br />stone, and conglomerate in the wells drilled in the region
<br />indicates the presence of large spaces at depth. Therefore,
<br />new collapse structures are expected to form.
<br />The reason for the solution-subsidence in the Sazltca
<br />settlement area is thought to be the excessive pumping
<br />and irrigation. There, soil grains together with the water
<br />running off in the vadose zone vertically move [o the
<br />groundwater level and then are removed by karstic or
<br />other spaces. There are packings, lowering of porosity,
<br />and increase in the effective stress obsen•ed in the soil
<br />grains.
<br />I[ is believed that excess drawdown due ro pumping and
<br />poor construction of the well are the main Factors for the
<br />occurrence of subsidence features around the drilling well
<br />(1995).
<br />Erosion is a serious problem in the study area. Due to
<br />the formation of solution-subsidence, much more
<br />groundwater is exposed to the atmosphere, and hence
<br />potential pollution may originate Erom the atmosphere.
<br />Proximity of Sazhca town to the collapse area will proba-
<br />bly cause several problems for building foundations. If is
<br />also required to select proper places, preferably far away
<br />from the karstic areas, for the solid and sewage wastes.
<br />In avoiding these kind of problems, prioritp should be
<br />given to training local people.
<br />Attention must be paid to the follo+ving concerns: Eor
<br />whatever reason, the cover material in the karstic areas
<br />should not be removed, excessive pumping and irrigation
<br />should be reduced as much as possible, when the con-
<br />structions requiring underground works are projected
<br />karstic structures should be taken into consideration, and
<br />it should be kept in mind that karstic areas are vulnera-
<br />ble to environmental pollution.
<br />Considering the geological structure and h}•drogeological
<br />Features of the region, new solution-subsidence can be
<br />formed in the study area.
<br />References
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<br />342 I Environmental Geology 36 13-41 December 1999 ~ w~ SpnnperVerlaa
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