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• Calving and Fawning Areas <br />Counts were made each spring in late May and early June (peak of <br />calving and fawning activities) of 1974 and 1975 and again in 1980. <br />The study site was traversed by vehicle and on foot to identify the <br />more desirable areas as shown by the number of females with young. <br />The counts were made early in the morning or late evening. <br />Binoculars or a spotting scope are used to observe the animals at <br />considerable distance. This technique helps to minimize <br />undesirable or unnecessary flushing of the animals. By not driving <br />the animals into the heavy cover, more accurate counts can be made. <br />By establishing a baseline for numbers of calves and fawns born <br />each spring,g average reproductive rates, and identification of <br />desirable calving and fawning locations, potential or actual <br />impacts can be evaluated. Appropriate mitigation measures (as <br />discussed in Section 2.05.6) have been implemented. <br />The deer and elk observations are summarized in Table 7, Sex and <br />Age Ratios. <br />• 1980 Observations <br />Observations were conducted along a 15.6 mile road transect during <br />the summer of 1980. The transect was divided into eight segments <br />to more accurately determine distribution of animals. The counts <br />were made in early morning and late evening during June through <br />August. All species observed along the transect were noted, <br />together with location and vegetation type. Information on sex, <br />age, condition, etc. were also recorded. The information will be <br />used to compare calving and fawning activity, brood site, etc. in <br />the spring with population numbers, sex and age ratios, etc. <br />through the end of the summer to determine the condition of the <br />potential breeding populations and what impacts, if any, have <br />• <br />2.04.11-16 <br />