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TABLE OF CONTENTS <br />4.4.1 Surface Water Quantity ............................. ......... 4-8 <br />4.4.2 Surface Water Quality ............................... ....... 4-10 <br />4.4.3 Groundwater Quantity ............................... ....... 4-1 l <br />4.4.4 Subsidence Effects on Quantity and Quality ............... ....... 4- l l <br />4.4.4.1 Common to All Commercial-Scale Alternatives ......... ........ 4-1 l <br />4.4.5 Groundwater Quality ............................... ........ 4-11 <br />4.4.5.1 Common to All Alternatives ........................ ........ 4- I l <br />4.4.5.2 No Action Alternative ............................. ........ 4-12 <br />4.4.5.3 Proposed Action .................................. ........ 4.13 <br />4.4.5.4 50,000 TPY Alternative ............................ ........ 4.13 <br />4.4.5.5 500,000 TPY Alternative ........................... ........ 4- l3 <br />4.5 Soils .............................................. ........ 4-13 <br />4.5.1 Prime and Unique Farmlands and Statewide <br />Important Farmlands ................................ ........ 4-14 <br />4.6 Vegetation . ......................................... ........ 4-14 <br />4.6.1 Threatened, Endangered, Candidate, and Sensitive <br />Plant Species and Remnant Vegetation Associations ........ ........ 4-IS <br />4.7 Reclamation ........................................ ........ 4-15 <br />4.8 Livestock Grazing .................................... ........ 4-16 <br />4.9 Wildlife ........................................... ........ 4-I6 <br />4.9.1 Big Game ........................................ ........ 4-16 <br />4.9.1.1 No Action Alternative ............................. ........ 4- l7 <br />4.9.1.2 Commercial Development Alternatives ................ ........ 4-17 <br />4.9.2 Raptors .......................................... ........ 4-I8 <br />4.9.3 Upland Game Bvds and Waterfowl .................... ........ 4-19 <br />4.9.4 Forbearers and Nongame ............................ ........ 4-20 <br />4.9.5. Threatened and Endangered Species ................... ........ 4-20 <br />4.9.6 Aquatic, Wetland, and Riparian Habitats ................ ........ 4-20 <br />4.10 Cultural Resources .................................. ........ 4-20 <br />4.11 Paleontological Resources ............................ ........ 4-22 <br />4.12 Candsand Realty ................................... ........ 4-22 <br />4.13 Recreation/Visual Resources .......................... ........ 4-22 <br />4.13.1 Recreation ....................................... ........ 4-22 <br />4.13.2 Visual Resources .................................. ........ 4-24 <br />4.14 Transportation ..................................... ........ 4-24 <br />4.15 Noise ............................................ ........ 4-24 <br />4.16 Sociaeconomics .................................... ........ 4-24 <br />4.16.1 Social ........................................... ........ 4-24 <br />4.16.2 Economics ........................................ ....... 4-25 <br />4.16.2.1 Introduction and Summary ......................... ....... 4-25 <br />4.16.2.2 Proposed Action .................................. ....... 4-25 <br />4.16.2.3 50,000 TPY Alternative ............................ ....... 4-29 <br />4.16.2.4 500,000 TPY Alternative ........................... ....... 4-29 <br />4.16.2.5 No Action Alternative ............................. ....... 4-29 <br />4.17 Energy Requirements ................................. ....... 4-29 <br />4.18 Summary oflmpacls ................................. ....... 4-29 <br />4.18.1 Adverse Environmental Effects Which Cannot Be Avoided .. ....... 4-30 <br />4.18.1.1 Air Quality ...................................... ....... 4-30 <br />4.18.1.2 Rock Quality .................................... ....... 4-30 <br />4.18.1.3 Solid Minerals ................................... ....... 4-30 <br />4.18.1.4 Water Resources ................................. ....... 4-30 <br />4.18.1.5 Soils ........................................... ....... 4-30 <br />4.18.1.6 Vegetation ...................................... ....... 4-30 <br />4.18.1.7 Livestock Grazing ................................. ....... 4-30 <br />4.18.1.8 Wildlife ........................................ ....... 4-30 <br />4.18.1.9 Cultural Resources ................................ ....... 4-31 <br />4.18.1.10 Paleontological Resources ......................... ....... 4-31 <br />4.18.1.11 Lands and Realty ................................ ....... 4-31 <br />viii <br />