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coal seam was dry. These aquifer tests indicate that the <br />"F" seam and the lenticular sandstones of the Barren member <br />are poor aquifers at best, as ground water flow is mainly <br />concentrated in fractured rock. <br />Observations made underground by the staff of the MLRD at <br />the Blue Ribbon, Hawk's Nest, Mt. Gunnison and Somerset <br />Mines also indicate that the coal seams in the region are <br />poor aquifers at best with very low transmissivities. The <br />"B-2", "E" and "F" seams were observed to weep slightly at <br />fresh cut faces, while mine entry walls a short distance <br />from the face were dry. The sandstone and siltstone roof <br />strata on the Mt. Gunnison, Blue ribbon, Hawk's Nest and <br />Somerset mines also weep for short periods of time following <br />mining and eventually dry up. The Hawk's Nest Mine workings <br />in the "E" seam are dry even though these workings are <br />within 600 feet of the North Fork, are below the level of <br />the North Fork, and are parallel to the North Fork. These <br />in-mine observations indicate that the "B-2", "E" and "F" <br />coal seams and their roof strata are not significant <br />regional aquifers. Observations of mining within the "C" <br />and "D" seams at the Bear No. 1 and 2 mines, the "C" seam at <br />the Bear No. 3 mine, and the "D" seam at the nearby Orchard <br />Valley mine indicate that the "C" and "D" seams and their <br />associated roof strata also are not significant regional <br />aquifers. If the coal and their roof strata were aquifers, <br />these strata would have continued to weep through the life <br />of these mines. <br />Some fractures and faults transect the Mesa Verde Formation <br />and extend vertically to the surface. These faults and <br />fractures produce narrow bands of secondary porosity within <br />the rock strata. Due to the low permeability of the rock <br />strata within the Mesa Verde Formation, these faults and <br />fractures provide the primary path through which water flows <br />both vertically between rock strata and horizontally within <br />rock strata. <br />When fault and fractures are encountered within the mines in <br />the North Fork region, they generally produce mine inflows. <br />The flow characteristics of each mine inflow associated with <br />faults and fractures depend upon the lateral extent and the <br />proximity of the fault or fracture to a stream valley. All <br />inflows from these sources are characterized by an initial <br />surge of water which then either decreases, or ceases <br />completely with time. <br />Soils <br />Soils in the area include deep, moderately well drained <br />loams and sandy loams overlying alluvial gravels in the <br />valley bottom, with shallow well drained soils on the steep <br />9 <br />