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The amount of head, if any, is generally less than 5 feet. Water quality analyses of two alluvial wells indicate that these calcium-bicarbonate type waters do not meet U.S EPA drinking standards. Manganese, sulfate, TDS, and chromium are found to be in excess of standards. Those waters do meet stock watering criteria, and may be used for irrigation dependent upon crop and soil characteristics. Springs and Seeps An initial spring survey in July, 1979, located 49 springs and seeps in and near the permit area. The majority of these springs and seeps occur in valley bottoms. The recharge to these valley bottom springs may be from a discontinuous alluvial aquifer, from colluvial slumps, or from perched aquifers draining to stream sediments. Several springs issue from the Williams Fork formation, while two others issue from the overlying Twenty Mile Sandstone. Some of the springs are used to fill stock ponds in the area, while the majority either contribute flow to the creeks or provide recharge to down gradient alluvium. Olson Spring, which has an adjudicated domestic water right associated with it, issues from the Dry Creek Alluvium about 20 feet from Dry Creek. This spring is located about 9,000 feet downstream from mining. Both Hubberson Gulch and Dry Creek may potentially be impacted by mining, specifically by spoils discharge recharging the streams. Dependent upon the time of year, Dry Creek may be recharging its alluvium, or the alluvium may be adding water to the creek. Furthermore, dependent upon local conditions, discharges from the spoils aquifer may infiltrate the Hubberson Gulch alluvium. This water may flow through the alluvium downgradient to recharge the Dry Creek alluvium from which Olson Spring issues. It is projected by the applicant that, due to dilution, there will be no impact to Olson Spring quality which may be attributed to mining. An alluvia] cross-section of wells in Hubberson Gulch upgradient of the spring will help monitor the advance of any plume in that gulch, A water quality monitoring plan was initiated at Olson Spring to provide baseline data of this spring. If the quality or quantity of the spring is adversely impacted by mining, Peabody Coal Company may be required to provide an acceptable alternative water supply. For further discussion of this, see Section YII -Water Rights and Repl acement. Ten springs which are present in or adjacent to the permit area were chosen for further study. At each of these sites, three water quality and discharge measurements were made during the summer and fall of 1983. Typically, quality and quantity varied from spring to spring. - 16 -