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Dudash, Joe <br />From: Stark, Jim <br />Sent: Wednesday, September 08, 2004 11:50 AM <br />To: Brown, Sandy; Dudash, Joe <br />Cc: Gorham, Kent <br />Subject: Coal fire condensate <br />THERMODYNAMICS OF SUBLIMATION PRODUCTS <br />Pollutants associated with coal fires include condensates associated with subsurface combustion. The <br />condensates form when gas exhaled through surficial vents or cracks first cools and then condenses (Lapham, <br />1980; Stracher 1995). This process is analogous to the exhalation-condensation mechanism by which minerals <br />form in fumarolic or solfatara environments (Stoiber and Rose, 1974). Condensates from anthracite fires in <br />eastern Pennsylvania include (Lapham et al., 1980 and references therein): selenium (Se), sulfur (S) (Figure 5), <br />galena (PbS), orpiment (AszSs), gypsum (CaSOa 2H2O), mullite (Al6SizOia), downeyite (SeOz), salammoniac <br />(NHaCI), and laphamite (Asz(Se,S)a). Stracher (1995) derived a P-T stability diagram for the condensation of <br />orthorhombic sulfur (Figure 6) from anthracite gas associated with the Centralia, Pennsylvania mine fire using <br />an analytical technique called thermodynamic loop (TL) analysis. <br />James R. Stark <br />Environmental Protection Specialist <br />Colorado Division of Minerals and Geology <br />1313 Sherman Street, Room 215 <br />Denver, CO 80203 <br />(303)866-4929 <br />