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work for a limited period. However, a require- ment for use of these surveys is the filing of a detailed report, including basic findings. Most State laws require the annual filing of an affidavit of assessment work with the proper cotmty. Also, FLPMA requires the filing of an affidavit of annual assessment work with both the local county office rt the proper BLM STATE OFFICE. Assessment work is not a requirement for owners of mill or tunnel sites. However, they must file a notice of intention to hold the site(s) with the BLM. For mill sites and ttmnel sites, filing with the county is not required. Performance of assessment work must be within a certain period referred to as the assessment year. The assessment year begins at noon, September 1. It ends at noon, September 1, of the next yeaz (see 43 CFR 3833.0-5[n]). Perfor- mance of assessment work need not occur during the fast assessment year of location. However, for claims located between September 1 and December 31, the claimant must file a notice of intention to hold the claim with the BLM by December 30 of the following calendaz year. The claimant must file either (1) a notice of intention to hold or (2) evidence of annual assessment work in the proper BLM State Office on or before December 30 of the calendar year follow- ing the calendar year of the location of the claim, mill site, or tunnel site. There is no requirement for filing evidence of assessment work or a notice of intention to hold a claim upon issuance of the first half mineral entry final certificate for a mineral patent. However, these requirements are reinstated upon cancella- tion of the final certificate by the BLM or upon withdrawal of the application by the claimant. 20 lands and the Forest Service manages the surface of National Forest System lands. The BLM is responsible for the subsurface on both public lands and National Forest System ]ands. You may prospect and locate claims and sites on lands open to mineral entry. Claims may not be staked in areas closed to mineral entry by a special act of Congress, regulation, or public land order. These azeas ate withdrawn from the operation of the mining laws. Areas withdrawn from location of mining claims include National Parks, National Monuments, Indian reservations, most reclamation projects, military reservations, scientific testing areas, most wildlife protection areas (such as Federal wildlife refuges), and lands withdrawn from mineral entry for other reasons. Lands with- drawn for power development may be subject to mining location and entry only under certain conditions. Mining claims may not be located on lands that have been (1) designated by Congress as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, (2) designated as a wild portion of a Wild and Scenic River, or (3) withdrawn by Congress for study as a Wild and Scenic River. There is usually a ]J4-mile buffer zone with- drawn from location of mining claims on either side of a river while the river is being studied for inclusion in the Wild and Scenic Rivers System. Additions to the National Wilderness Preserva- tion System are withdrawn to mining claim location at the time of designation by Congress. Mining activities are permitted only on those mining claims that can show proof of a discovery either (1) by December 31, 7983, or (2) on the date of designation as wilderness by Congress. Staking a Mining Claim or Site Federal law simply specifies that claim bound- aries must be distinctly and cleazly mazked to be readily identifiable on the ground. The mining 13