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INTRODUCTION raise, the 75-ft. level, portions of the Smuggler No. 1 tunnel, and the Smuggler shaft to tours. In addition to the tours he is extending a drift into the Dyer Dolomite in the hanging wall of the Emma fault and intends to extend cleanup of the No. 2 tunnel, the Anaconda crosscut, and the Herron drift for potential production of small ore pockets. very little waste is produced by these activities. While the potential for discovery of new orebodies is probably small, these areas have not been fully explored and the possibility of finding economic ore bodies certainly exists. From the beginning of mining in the Aspen area, dumps consisting of development rock grew at or near the portal of every mine and around concentrators. The material in these dumps was essentially "country rock," rock containing subeconomic mineralization, if mineralized at all. It should be emphasized that development openings, such as tunnels, drifts, shafts, raises, and winzes, were deliberately kept as small as possible, both to reduce the amount of waste material that had to be transported but, more importantly, as a ground control measure to maximize the stability of the openings. Wherever possible waste material was disposed of in worked-out or abandoned areas underground to minimize handling and transportation costs. In short, the surface waste dumps consisted of mostly country rock, sometimes mineralized to a slight extent, with most materials of any value concentrated and shipped for smelting. The most common dump materials were (and are, in those that remain) Leadville Limestone and Chaffee Group rocks (Gilman Sandstone, Dyer Dolomite, Parting Formation), followed by the Manitou Dolomite, the Peerless Formation, and Sawatch Quartzite. Belden Formation rock removed by Anaconda in 1949 and 1950 and later by the Herron brothers makes up a significant portion of the current Smuggler No. 2 tunnel dump, having been removed from the Anaconda crosscut and the Herron drift. As dump material, Belden Formation rock is rare elsewhere. The limestones, dolomites, and carbonaceous shale beds in both natural exposures (outcrops) and in the dumps where these same materials have been removed from underground frequently carry some mineralization. Available evidence suggests that virtually all primary mineralization' in the Aspen district consisted of the deposition of relatively simple sulfides, such as galena (lead sulfide), sphalerite (zinc sulfide), minor pyrite and marcasite (iron sulfides), chalcopyrite (copper iron sulfide), and acanthite (silver sulfide). Also significant were the more complex silver sulfides, tennantite and pearceite. Much native silver was also deposited in the primary stage, along with an immense amount of barite (barium sulfate), the only significant oxygen-bearing See discussion in Geology And Mining Methods section below. Brace A. COlllnS - XX - SMUGGLER BIBLIOGRAPHY