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<br />' necessary because there were as many locations during 1 or 2 days for some elk <br />as during the entire rest of the home range period. <br />1 <br />Linear distance between consecutive season activity centers for calving <br />t home ranges proved to be much better for determining differences in fidelity <br />between groups of elk. For both the general calving home ranges (May 15 - <br />' June 30) and the refined home ranges (May 25 - June 30), yearlings (3.66 mi <br />and 3.48 mi) had significantly higher distances between calving activity <br />' centers than all other elk (Tables 16 and 17). Summer migrants (2.16 mi and <br />1.98 mi) had significantly further distances between activity centers than <br />mine (0.42 mi and 0.54 mi) or control elk (0.76 mi and 0.71 mi). Baumann <br />' (1985) found similar differences in fidelity to calving home ranges between <br />resident and migrant elk although overall fidelity was not as great. There <br />t were no significant differences between mine and control elk (Tables 16 and <br />17). The 1983-84 and 1984-85 data for elk S2 and 1984-85 data for elk AA was <br />' left out of the statistical analysis in order to reduce variability. These <br />elk failed to return to their calving range and stayed on winter range during <br />the 1984 calving period following a severe winter. These elk apparently did <br />not have calves in 1984 and were in poor condition following the particularly <br />hard winter. However, they did finally return to summer range during July. <br />The overall mean distances between activity centers for both general (May <br />15 - June 30) and refined (May 25 - June 15) calving home ranges were similar, <br />1.39 mi and 1.41 mi, respectively (Tables 16 and 17). The indication is that <br />' there is less fidelity to the refined calving home ranges than the general <br /> calving home ranges. This is deduced because refined home ranges are smaller <br /> than general home ranges and yet they are as far apart. This is confirmed by <br /> there being less overlap f or refined calving home ranges. Both Ward (1985) <br /> and Baumann (1985) came to similar conclusions, that elk often s how fidelity <br />' to some general area during calving but not to a specific area. <br />' This data also indicates that there has been little or no displacement of <br /> elk from calving home ranges as a result of mining since the study began. <br /> f <br /> or summer <br />Although the data and winter range fidelity was not statisti- <br />' tally evaluated, it was apparent that fidelity to summer range was much <br /> <br />1 -12- <br />