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3 Existing Data and Literature Review 5RT132 was located during a Western Cultural Resource Management (WCRM) inventory for the Peabody Seneca II-W mine (Wheeler 1980a). During this inventory of some 4,300 acres, 15 resources were recorded. Of these, 5RT132 was accorded the most potential because of the presence of a variety of artifacts, including a Late Prehistoric projectile point, and because of the potential For intact, buried deposits. It was recommended for evaluative testing and/or avoidance. The Williams Fork Mountains, as well as adjacent Twenty-Mile Park, have received several small to large-scale surveys, mainly for coal exploration (LaPoint 1987). WCRM also performed survey at Seneca II's main permit area (Wheeler 1980b) and conducted test excavations at 5RT139 and 5RT142 (Hand 1980). 5RT139 yielded evidence of two buried occupations. Subsequent data recovery excavations done by Nickens and Associates (Tucker 1981) showed the earlier occupation(s) to be Early Archaic in age with dates of 6430 BP and 5900 BP, and the later date to be 1130 BP. The occupations were interpreted as seasonal camps associated with big game hunting. Other surveys include a large Class II covering coal lease lands (Arthur 1977); a 1,120-acre survey for Utah International (Williams and Jennings 1977); surveys at the Twenty Mile Park Mine (Grand River Institute 1980; Zier 1979); and surveys for Hayden Gulch West Coal Company (Legard 1982). Further west along the flanks .of the Williams Fork Mountains several. other surveys have occurred, as summarized by LaPoint (1987). The site densities indicated by these surveys are low to moderate with open lithic scatters and short-term camps being the prevalent site type. Large numbers of isolated finds also occur. Project Background and Objectives 5RT132 is a fairly large site with moderate surface artifact densities, and a variety of functional classes of tools are present. Soils, as viewed in the arroyo walls, appeared to be very deep, and WCRM recommended testing based on the apparent complexity and depth of the site (W'heeler 1980e:5-25). Testing was to determine (1) NRHP eligibility; (2) site depth; (3) site perimeter; _ (4) cultural affiliation; and (5) presence/absence of multiple components. Based on projectile point styles, WCRM felt that Fremont-Plains Woodland cultural relationships might be represented in the site. Since the date of survey, research directions have changed somewhat in the Colorado Mountains (e.g., Guthrie et a1. 1984; LaPoint 1987), but this basic program for testing was valid. Little testing or excavation has occurred at the known sites in the area and nearly all data gaps still exist. MAC's task under this contract was to design and implement a testing plan acceptable to Peabody, OSM, SHPO and other agencies. This testing was to be sufficient to determine NAHP eligibility and to prepare a mitigation plan in the event that the site was found to be eligible.