Laserfiche WebLink
EXTOXNET PIP - BROMACIL http://ace.ace.orst.edu/info/extoxneUpipsPoromacd.hu <br />• <br />of bromacil experienced initial weigh[ loss, paleness, exhaustion, and rapid breathing. Within 4 <br />hours of being given 250 mg/kg, sheep became bloated and walked with stilted gaits [30]. Bromacil <br />caused mild dermal irritation when it was applied to the skin of guinea pigs. The LD50 is greater <br />than 5000 mg/kg in rabbits whose skin is exposed. When bromacil was administered to the eyes of <br />rabbits, there was irritation in the conjunctiva (the mucous membrane lining of the eye), but there <br />was no injury to the cornea [30]. The inhalation LC50 (4-hour) is greater than 4.8 mg/L air for rats <br />[1]. The oral LD50 for bromacil in rats is 5200 mg/kg, and in mice is 3040 mg/kg [1,30]. <br />Chronic toxicity: Enlazged livers were revealed in autopsies on rats that died after 5 days of <br />repeated doses of bromacil at 1500 mg/kg/day [30]. Sheep that died after being given 250 mg/kg/day <br />of bromacil on 4 successive days showed the following: inflammation of the mucous membrane that <br />lines the stomach and intestines, congestion and enlargement of the liver, weakened appearance of <br />the adrenal glands, bleeding of the heart, and swollen, bleeding lymph nodes [30]. Consumption of <br />bromacil at high levels over a long period of time has been shown to cause damage to the testes, <br />liver, and thyroid of laboratory animals [74]. In another study, female rats fed 62.5 mg/kg/day for 2 <br />years, the highest dose level, exhibited decreased weight gain. No other toxic effects were observed <br />[74]. No evidence of toxicity was detected in dogs fed up to 31.2 mg/kg/day for 2 years [74]. In an <br />18-month study in which mice were given dietary doses of 12.5, 62.5, or 250 mg/kg/day, changes in <br />the liver and testes were observed at the 62.5 mg/kg/day dosage [74]. Chickens given 500 mg/kg/day <br />bromacil did show a decrease in weight gain [75]. <br />Reproductive effects: Bromacil did not affect the reproduction of rats fed 12.5 mg/kg/day for three <br />generations [8,74]. This suggests that bromocil does not cause reproductive effects. <br />Teratogenic effects: There was no evidence of birth defects in the offspring of rats that were given <br />dietary doses of 12.5 mg/kg/day bromacil, nor in rabbits that were given 7.5 mg/kg/day on days 8 <br />through 16 of pregnancy [74]. However, toxic effects and developmental abnormalities of the <br />musculoskeletal system were seen in the embryos or fetuses of rats which inhaled very high <br />bromacil doses of 38 mg/L for 2 hours daily, during days 7 to 14 of pregnancy [22]. Toxic effects <br />and developmental abnormalities were observed in the fetuses of pregnant rats repeatedly exposed <br />by inhalation to bromacil [8]. These data suggest that humans are unlikely to suffer teratogenic <br />effects from bromacil under normal circumstances. <br />Mutagenic effects: Several mutagenic screening tests indicate that bromacil is not mutagenic [74]. <br />Carcinogenic effects: There is limited evidence that bromacil causes cancer in animals receiving <br />high doses over the course of their lifetimes [74]. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity in rats <br />fed 12.5 mg/kg/day for 2 years of bromacil, but at 62.5 mg/kg/day, there was at slight increase in <br />hypetplasia of the thyroid, and one rat developed benign liver tumors [17,74]. An increased <br />incidence of malignant tumors was observed in the livers of male mice given 250 mg/kg/day of <br />bromacil for 78 weeks. No effect on liver tumor incidence was observed in female mice [74]. Based <br />on these results, it is not possible to determine bromacil's carcinogenic potential. <br />Organ toxicity: Animal studies have shown the liver, heart, and lymph nodes to be affected. <br />Fate in humans and animals: A number of studies show that uracils, the class of compounds to <br />which bromacil belongs, aze absorbed into the body from the gut and excreted primarily in the urine <br />[8,74]. Small amounts of bromacil were detected in the milk of lactating cows that were given 5 <br />mg/kg in their food [30]. No bromacil was found in the urine or feces of these cows [8]. <br />Ecological Effects: <br />Effects on birds: The 8-day dietary oral LC50 for bromacil is over 10,000 ppm in mallards and <br />quail [23]. This indicates that i[ is practically nontoxic to these species. <br />Effects on aquatic organisms: Bromacil is slightly to practically nontoxic to fish. The 48-hour <br />LC50 for bromacil in bluegill sunfish is 71 mg/L, in rainbow trout is 56 75 mg/L, and in carp is 164 <br />mg/L [8]. The 96-hour LC50 in fathead minnows is 182 mg/L [8]. It is not toxic to aquatic <br />2 of4 I1/18!98 10:A0 AM1'. <br />