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and the Jack O'Lantern. The Red Arrow seam ranges in thickness <br />from 4 to 7 feet and is a moderate to high sulfur coal with 3 <br />recognizable units separated by bony layers of ash. The Jack <br />O'Lantern seam is a low sulfur coal that ranges in thickness from <br />4 to 8 feet and also consists of 3 recognizable units separated by <br />boney ash layers. The permittee has provided a complete coal, roof <br />and floor analysis in the permit. For further information refer to <br />Section 2.04.6 of the permit. <br />Ascending upward on the stratigraphic column from the Vermejo <br />Formation is the Raton Formation, a unit consisting of two members- <br />a basal sandstone and muddy-sandy layer. The Raton averages 650 <br />feet in thickness. The erosional base of this unit marks the top <br />of the Vermejo Formation in the Southfield mine area. There are no <br />coal-bearing units found in the Raton, since its character <br />indicates that a period of increased uplift and subsequent erosion <br />in the area followed that of the depositional low-energy <br />environment found in the Vermejo. <br />Uncomfortably overlying the Raton Formation are the sediments of <br />the Poison Canyon Formation. Similar in composition and character <br />to the Raton, the Poison Canyon Formation is coal barren and is 200 <br />feet in thickness of alternating beds of mudstone and sandstone. <br />Covering most of the topographic ridges in the Southfield mine area <br />are a series of Pleistocene boulder/colluvial/alluvial deposits. <br />Most of the boulders consist of gneiss, schist and sandstones <br />derived from erosion and mass wasting of the Wet Mountain uplift to <br />the south and west. Depositional thicknesses range from 5 to 100 <br />feet in places near the mine site, with 20 feet recorded in the <br />loadout area of the mine. <br />Hydrology <br />An extensive review of both the ground water and surface water <br />hydrology can be found in Section 2.04.7, 2.05.6 and 4.05 of the <br />permit application. Below is a brief summary of the ground and <br />surface water issues at the Southfield Mine. Further information <br />on these items can be found in the "Probable Hydrologic <br />Consequences" Section B of this findings document. <br />Ground Water <br />Southfield Mine Permit Renewal 03 <br />18 <br />