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~ ~.I <br />• <br />Thistle, Canada (Cirsium arvense): Perennial with high seed production; reseeding infested area <br />with competitive plants is necessary; mowing every 2 weeks over 3 growing seasons or summer <br />mowing followed by fall herbicide application; beetles; herbicides in rosette, late summer or fall <br />Thistle, Musk (Carduus nutans): Biennial; prevent seed formation; tillage or hoeing below ground <br />level in rosette stage; remove flowerheads; seed head & rosette weevils, leaf feeding beetles; <br />herbicides in rosette stage <br />Thistle, Plumeless (Carduus acanthoides): Winter annuaUbiennial; tillage or hoeing below ground <br />level in rosette stage; seed head weevils; herbicides in rosette stage <br />Thistle, Scotch (Onopordium acanthium): Biennial; reseed distwbed sites; tillage or hoeing <br />below ground level in rosette stage; herbicides in rosette stage <br />Toadflax, Dalmation (Linaria dalmatica): Perennial with high seed production; hand pulling for <br />small infestations; repeated cultivation for several years; herbicides in eazly flowering stage; <br />caterpillars <br />Toadflax, Yellow (Linaria vulgaris): Perennial; repeated cultivation twice a year for 2+ yeazs <br />during bud stage; mowing 2-3 times per year at bud stage followed by reseeding with competitive <br />grasses; repeated application of herbicides during early flowering stage <br />White top (Cardaria drabs): Perennial with high seed production; reseed with competitive <br />grasses; herbicides during bud stage or early flowering <br />Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis): Annual or winter annual; weed free hay and seed; <br />weevils and gall fly (may not be available in CO); repeated cultivation of rosettes; early grazing by <br />sheep, goats and cattle followed by herbicide application on regrowth; reseed distwbed sites; <br />repeated herbicide application to seedlings or rosettes <br />1 - Be swe to read the label before buying and applying any pesticides. Follow label instructions <br />for area to be treated, rate, and application methods. Use the proper chemical! Check with local <br />weed control office or CSU Extension for names of effective herbicides for particular weed. <br />2 -Biological control agents work best with large infestations; they take several yeazs to become <br />established and. effective. Chemical control of the weed around the perimeter of the infestation is <br />necessary to prevent spreading while biocontrol agents establish. . <br />