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.I REPORT TERMINOLOGY (Based on ASTM D653) .I r~ J .I .I .~ A//owab/e Soi/ The recommended maximum contact stress developed at the interface of the Bearing Capacity foundation element and the supporting material. A//uvium Soil, the constituents of which have been transported in susp~:nsion by flowing water and subsequently deposited by sedimentation. Aggregate Base A layer of specified material placed on a subgrade or subbase usually beneath Course slabs or pavements. BackB// A specified material placed and compacted in a confined area. Bedrock A natural aggregate of mineral grains connected by strong and permanent cohesive forces. Usually requires drilling, wedging, blasting or other methods of extraordinary force for excavation. Bench A horizontal surface in a sloped deposit. Caisson (Dri//ed pier A concrete foundation element cast in a circular excavation which may have an or Shaft) enlarged base. Sometimes referred to as a cast-in-place pier ar drilled shaft. Coefficient of A constant proportionality factor relating normal stress and thy: corresponding friction shear stress at which sliding starts between the two surfaces. Co//uvium Soil, the constituents of which have been deposited chiefly by gravity such as at the foot of a slope or cliff. Compaction The densification of a soil by means of mechanical manipulation. Concrete S/ab-ori- A concrete surface layer cast directly upon a base, subbase or subgrade, and Grade typically used as a floor system. Differential Unequal settlement or heave between, or within foundation elements of a Movement structure. Earth Pressure The pressure or force exerted by soil on any boundary such as a foundation wall. ESAL Equivalent Single Axle Load, a criteria used to convert traffic to a uniform standard, (18,000 pound axle loads). Engineered Fit/ Specified material placed and compacted to specified density and/or moisture conditions under observations of a representative of a geotechnical engineer. Equivalent Fluid A hypothetical fluid having a unit weight such that it will produce a pressure against a lateral support presumed to be equivalent to that produced by the actual soil. This simplified approach is valid only when deformation conditions are such that the pressure increases linearly with depth and the wall friction is neglected. Existing Fill for man-made B/lJ Materials deposited through the action of man prior to exploration of the site. Existing Grade The ground surface at the time of field exploration. Empire Laboratories, Inc. A Division of The Terracon Companies. Inc.