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~:L.~NDS ANp MINING ~ A 15 SURFACE MINING CONTROL 3O §1201 ;:ion actsvities. ssF 172g Research, development projects, etc., relating to alternative coal mining technologies. y section 201 of this title, (a) Authority of Secretary of the Interior to conduct, promote, etc. (b) Contracts and grants. (c) Authorization of appropriations. (d) Publication in Federal Register; report to Congress. - (e) Availability of information to public. cad States or any other Cron References Integration of hazardous waste regulations wish rcgulaUOns promulgned under this chapter, see section 6903 of Title 42. The Public Health end Welfare. Alaska to conduct s~ sedate coal mining end reclamation pesmin tssucd under this chapter as hazardous waste permits, see section 6923 0! Title 42. - SUBCHAPTER I-STATEMENT OF FINDINGS AND POLICY RSITY COAL - - § 1201. Congreasioaal flntiings i ORIES h laboratorie. ~.> The Congress finds and declara that- - (a) extraction of coal and othv minerals from the earth can be ' ~ accomplished by various methods of mining, including surface mining; (b) coal mining operatiotu presrntly contribute sig~cantly to the :s for designation; Nation's energy requiremrnts; surface coat mining constitutes one method of extraction of the resourer; the overwhelming percentage of the Nation's coal reserves can only b< extracted by undergrtwnd mitring methods, and it is, there[ore, essential to the national interest to insure the existence of an expanding and economit:aliy healthy underground ~n~' ' coal mining industry; (c) many surface mining operations result in disturbance of surface areas that bttrdrn and adve:scly affect commerce and the public welfare =rgY• by destroying or diminishing the utility of land For commercial, indtts- u! to Congress. trial, rrssidrntisl, recreational, agricultural, and forestry pttrposa, by causing erosion and landslides, by contributing to floods, by polluting - the water, by destroying fish and wildlife habitats, by impairing natural beauty, by damaging the property oC citizens, by creating hazards tESOURCE dangerous to life and property by degrading the quality of life in local ~~ communities, and by cotmteracting governmrntal programs and efforts to conserve soil, water, and other natural resources; - u of applied sci fd) the expansion oC coal mining to mat the Nation's energy needs '~ makes even more urgent the establishment of appropriate standards to conservation, and minimize damage to the rnvironmrnt and to productivity of the soil and to protect the health and safety of the public.' (e) sutiace mining and reclamation technology are now developed so that effective and reasonable regulation of surface coal mining opera- . [ions by the States and by the Federal Government in accordance with the requirements of this chapter is an appropriate and necessary means to minimiu so far ss practicable the adverse social, economic, and environmental effau of such mining operations; ` (f) because of the diversity in terrain, climate, biologic, chemical, and other physical condition in areas subject to mining operations, the 2g9 S, ~.'~` ~µ, . ~. `;~~