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76-Vona sand7~ loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, well drained soil on plains and high terraces at elevations of 4,606 to 5,200 fee[. It formed in eolian and alluvial deposits. ]Included in mapping are some leveled areas. Also included are small areas of soils that have a loamy substratum and areas of soils that are noncalcare- ous to a depth of 60 inches. Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is brown fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The sub- stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water capacity is modertte. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is low. In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping rystem is 3 to 9 years of alfalfa fol- lowed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines are needed for proper water applications. All methods of .irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- tivating only in th•e tree row and by leaving a strip of vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be necessary tit the time of planting and during dry periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival are Rocky Mountavn juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russianolive, and hackberrv. The shrubs best suited a.re skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi- an peashrub. Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- ment, especially in :tress of intensive agriculture. Range- land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. This soil has goo[I potential for urban and recreational development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- stratum, which causes a hazard of ground +vater con- tamination from set+'age lagoons. Capability subclass lIe irrigated; 1Ve nonimgated; Sandy Plains range site.