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i 1 <br />1 <br />1 <br /> <br /> <br />CYANIDE 47 <br />Table 6. Proposed free cyanide criteria for the protection of lining resources and human health. <br />Resource, criterion, <br />and otherveriab]es Concentration References <br />Freshwater organisms <br />Eltect levels, in µg/L medium <br />Minima] impairment, most 3-5 1,2,3,4,5,6 <br />species of fish <br />Reduced survival, emphipods >3-34 1,7 <br />Safe, most fish species 3.5 (29-h average, not 7 <br /> to exceed 52 at any time) <br />Significant impairment, 8-16, exposure for at 6,7 <br />most species of fish least 20 days <br />Hazardous <br />Most fish species >11 1,4 <br />Microorganisms >300 8 <br />Reduced survival, chronic exposure <br />Bivalve molluscs, larvae >14 1 <br />Fish, many species 30-150 1,5 <br />Impaired reproduction, >25 2 <br />sensitive species of fish <br />Impaired swimming ability, >100 3,6 <br />growth, development, and <br />behavior <br />Lethal to rapidly lethal, 300-1,000 5 <br />acute exposure <br />Marine organisms <br />EIl'ect levels, in µg/L seawater <br />Adverse etTects, chronic >2 7 <br />exposure <br />Minimal risk <5 1 <br />Hazardous >10 1 <br />Lethal >30 7 <br />Sediments, Great Lakes <br />EfTect level, in mg total cyanide/kg dry weight (DW ) <br />Nonpolluted <0.10 20 <br />Moderatel}~ polluted 0.1-0.25 20 <br />Heavily polluted >0.25 20 <br />Birds <br />Domestic chickens <br />- Diet, sate level, in mg total 90-<100 9,10 <br />cyanide/kg ration fresh <br />weight (FW ) <br />Waterfowl <br />Drinking water, safe <50 21.22 <br />level in mg/L total cyanide <br />Livestock <br />Diet, safe level, in mg/kg F1V <br />Free cyanide <100 9 <br />Total cyanide <625 11 <br />Forage, hazardous level, in mg/kg FW >200 8 <br />i <br />