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' 36 <br /> <br />1 <br />1 <br />1 <br />1 <br /> <br /> <br />1 <br /> <br /> <br />BIOLOGICAL REPORT 85(1.23) <br />Table 5. Cyanide effects on selected species of mammals. <br /> <br />Species, dose, end <br />other variables Effects Refenence• <br />Cattle, Bos sp. <br />Fed hybrid sorghum Sudan grass <br />cross 988 at 15-20 kg per animal <br />daily for 3~ days <br />Dog, Canis rami/tarts <br />Administered doses up to 2 mg <br />NeCN/kg body weight (BW), <br />once or twice daily for <br />15 months <br />5.4 mg NeCN/kg BW, single <br />subcutaneous injection <br />24 mg KCN/kg BW, single oral <br />or slow intravenous injection <br />route <br />Fed diets containing 150 mg <br />NaCN/kg for 30 days <br />Coyote, Canis latrans <br />Single forced oral dose of NaCN, in mg/kg BW <br />4 <br />8 <br />' 16, 32, or 64 <br /> <br /> "Toxic" collars attached <br />' to neck of sheep and <br />camouflaged with wool; <br /> each collar contained <br /> 50 mL of a 3390 NaCN <br /> soluticn; toxic action <br />' commences when coyote <br /> attacks sheep and <br /> punctures collar; all <br /> coyotes tested were known <br />' to attack sheep in <br /> laboratory pens <br />1 <br />Of 180 cows, 21 were affected <br />and 13 died; toxic cyanide <br />levels were measured in <br />fodder and in liver and <br />ruminal contents of dead <br />cows <br />Acute toxic signs evident after <br />each administration, but <br />complete recovery within <br />30 min; no measurable adverse <br />effects after 15 months <br />LD50 <br />Lethal; at time of respiratory <br />arrest, blood plasma <br />concentration was 1 mg <br />total CN per liter or about 0.4 mg <br />free cyanide per liter <br />No measurable effect on food <br />consumption, blood chemistry, <br />behavior, or organ histology <br />Immobilized in 13 min, but <br />all survived for et least 30 <br />days; some sacrificed after <br />30 min: NaCN residues in <br />mg/kg fresh weight (FVJ) were <br />0.03 in blood and 0.9 in stomach <br />LD50 <br />Immobilization in 9 min, death <br />within 41 min <br />All immobilized in less than <br />1 min and all died in less <br />then B min. Maximum NaCN <br />residues were 0.14 mg/L in <br />blood and 13.0 mg/L FW in <br />stomach <br />Of three coyotes tested, one was <br />immobilized in 1 min and <br />died within 18 min; the <br />other two coyotes recovered; <br />the dead coyote had mouthed <br />the collar for about 2 s: <br />residues in mg NaCN/kg, <br />were 0.026 in blood <br />and <0.1 in stomach; the <br />other two coyotes had mouthed <br />the collar for 3-15 s <br />and had NaCN levels, in <br />49 <br />1 <br />a <br />3 <br />1 <br />a <br />a <br />a <br />a <br />2 <br />W <br />