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Biology and Management of the Toadflaxes <br />Mechanical and Chemical Control of Yellow Toadflax <br />Page 4 of 4 <br />Mowing combined with spraying Tordon did not improve control in an experiment <br />conducted near Hesperus, Colorado. Yellow toadflax was mowed three times per year <br />then treated with Tordon at 4 pt/A in fall for two consecutive years and compared to <br />Tordon applied at 4 pt/A at flowering also for two consecutive years. Yellow toadFlax <br />control was the same (85 percent) whether Tordon treatments were combined with <br />mowing or not. <br />Biological Control of Toadflaxes <br />Several classical biocontrol agents are available to use against toadFlaxes. However, the <br />success of these agents remains largely unknown. A defoliating moth (Calophasia <br />lunula), an ovary-feeding beetle (Srachypterolus pulicarius), and two-seed capsule- <br />feeding weevils {Gymnaetron antirrhini and G.netum) have been released in the U.S. and <br />Canada to control all toadflax species. Particularly the flowering and seed feeding insects <br />should help decrease seed production. <br />A stem-boring weevil (Mecinusjanthinus) and aroot-boring moth (Eteobalea <br />intermediella) also were released in Canada and the U.S. to control all species of <br />toadflax. These species may help to control shoots and seed production as well as <br />decrease root vigor, but data are unavailable to document their effects. Several of these <br />classical biocontrol agents are available from the Colorado Department of Agriculture <br />Insectary in Palisade. Very few published studies are available to determine whether <br />grazing by livestock will effect any control of Dalmatian or yellow toadflax. <br />tK.G. Beck, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension weed science specialist and professor of weed <br />science, bioagricultural sciences and pest managment. <br />Go to top of this page. <br />Updated Monday, August 23, 2004. <br />AnswerLink I CSU AaNews I Emolovment I Other Links I Publications I Staff Resources I Site Search <br />CE Home I CSU Home I RamPoint I About Us I Calendar I Staff Directory I Webmaster <br />Disclaimer I Eeua7 Dooortunity INon-Discrimination Statement <br />http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/natres/03114.html 6/20/2005 <br />