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36 <br />Soil Survey <br />~. <br />cro and provides food and shelter for some wit ife. <br />Nativ angeland and nearby areas of pinyon d juniper <br />provide elter and nesting areas. Suitable anagement <br />for wildlife ould include protecting the u t from <br />overgrazing, oviding protection from ' dfire, and <br />maintaining ade ate plant cover, in ding areas of <br />pinyon and junipe . In cropland are ,favorable habitat <br />can be developed b maintainin lant cover along <br />fences and ditches an in cor rs of fields. <br />Low soil strength and h hrink-swell potential are <br />the main limitations for ho site and urban <br />development. The foun ion of buildings should be <br />designed to compen a for the igh shrink-swell <br />potential of the soi oads shout a designed to <br />overcome the li ' ations of low soil ength and high <br />shrink-swell p ntial. The slow perme ility should be <br />considered en planning septic tank ab rption fields. <br />Sewage I oons work well if the limitation slope is <br />T ' map unit is in capability subclass IVe, irrTaated <br />a nonirrigated. v <br />I <br />28-Fluvaquents, sandy, frequently flooded. This <br />unit consists of deep, somewhat poorly drained and <br />poorly drained, nearly level soils that formed in recent <br />alluvial deposits bordering major drainageways on alluvial <br />valley floors. The areas are dissected by old river <br />channels and by smaller streams. Elevation is 6,000 to <br />8,000 feet. The average annual precipitation is 15 to 20 <br />inches. The average annual air temperature is 42 to 50 <br />degrees F, and the frost-free period is 90 to 130 days. <br />The soils in this unit are extremely variable. The <br />surface layer ranges from gravelly or cobbly loam to <br />sandy loam. Stratified sandy loam, sand, and gravel are <br />at a depth of 5 to 20 inches. <br />Permeability of these Fluvaquents is moderately rapid <br />or rapid. Effective rooting depth is 12 to 40 inches or <br />more because of the presence of a fluctuating water <br />table. Available water capacity is very low to low. Runoff <br />is slow, and the hazard of erosion is slight. The soils <br />have a fluctuating water table between depths of 12 and <br />40 inches year round. <br />Included in this unit are small areas of Pescar fine <br />sandy loam, Teflon loam, Riverwash, gravel, and sand <br />bars. <br />This unit is used for livestock grazing and wildlife <br />habitat. <br />The native vegetation is mainly cottonwood, willows, <br />sedges, rushes, tufted hairgrass, yarrow, and iris. Proper <br />grazing use as part of a planned grazing system helps to <br />maintain the desired quality and quantity of the <br />rangeland vegetation. Deferred grazing facilitates <br />revegetation and improves areas of rangeland in poor <br />condition. Brush control may be needed in some places. <br />Wildlife such as squirrel, mule deer, coyote, rabbit, and <br />waterfowl use this unit. The unit is suited to the <br />production of wetland plants that provide nesting areas, <br />protective cover, and food for waterfowl. The location of <br />this unit near areas of irrigated cropland makes it <br />valuable to both wetland and rangeland wildlife. Suitable <br />management for wildlife should include protecting the <br />unit from overgrazing. <br />If this unit is used for homesite development, the main <br />limitations are the fluctuating water table and hazard of <br />flooding. Buildings and roads should be designed to <br />overcome these limitations. These limitations restrict the <br />construction of sewage systems and may contribute to <br />the pollution of ground water. Drainage and protection <br />from flooding should be established before construction <br />is begun. <br />This map unit is in capability subclass Vllw, <br />nonirrigated. <br />2 Fortwingate stony sandy loam, 3 to 12 percent <br />slop .This moderately deep, well drained soil is on <br />mount 'nsides. It formed in material derived from <br />sandsto a and mixed with loess. Elevation is 7, 0 to <br />8,800 fe .The average annual precipitation is 8 to 22 <br />inches. Th average annual air temperature 4 to 45 <br />degrees F, nd the frost-free period is 90 to 10 days. <br />Typically, t e surface is covered with a la r of organic <br />material 1 inc thick. The surface layer is b own stony <br />fine sandy loa about 1 inch thick. Then layer is <br />pinkish gray sto fine sandy loam about inches thick. <br />The upper part o the subsoil is light bro n loam about 5 <br />inches thick, the n xt part is reddish br n clay loam <br />about 13 inches thi k, and the lower p rt is reddish <br />yellow stony sandy lay loam about 7 nches thick over <br />sandstone. sandsto commonly is t a depth of 20 to <br />40 inches. In some pl ces the surf ce layer is stony <br />loam. <br />Included in this unit a e about 5 percent Goldvale <br />very stony fine sandy to m and mall areas of Rock <br />outcrop, Valto very stony ine ndy loam, Nordicol very <br />stony sandy loam, and An ik am. <br />Permeability of this Fo i gate soil is moderately <br />slow. Effective rooting dep is 20 to 40 inches because <br />of the presence of hard b d ck. Available water <br />capacity is low. Runoff is a m, and the hazard of <br />erosion is slight. <br />This unit is used mai ly as w Bland and for livestock <br />grazing and homesite evelopme t. It is also used for <br />wildlife habitat. <br />This unit is well ited to the pro uction of ponderosa <br />pine. On the basi of a site index of 5, the potential <br />production of m ketable timber per re is 4,025 cubic <br />feet or 78,300 oard feet (Internationa rule) from an <br />even-aged, fu stocked stand of trees 00 years old. <br />The main ncerns in producing and rvesting timber <br />are reforest lion and providing protection om erosion <br />along road and in other areas where vege lion has <br />been re ved. Harvesting may be restricted wring <br />periods f heavy snowfall or rainfall or during owmelt. <br />Refore tation should be carefully managed to reduce <br />