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On a long-term basis this study also
<br />showed that alkaline shale samples with
<br />carbonate-sulfur ratios falling on the acid
<br />boundary produced acid after being leached
<br />for some time with an acidic leachate. It
<br />is believed that carbonate ma to cial present
<br />in [he samples inhibits pyrite oxidation
<br />and if this material is removed, the samples
<br />will produce acid drainage. In view of the
<br />rain that now occurs in the northeast, the
<br />potential of apparently alkaline samples,
<br />(those having critical carbons [e-pyrite
<br />ratiosl to produce acid becomes a major con-
<br />cern, and may have tar reaching implica-
<br />tions with regard to mine-pezmitting pro-
<br />cedures and overburden management.
<br />References
<br />1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
<br />"Ynorganic Sulfur Oxidation by Iron-
<br />Oxidizing Bacteria," Water Pollution
<br />Control Series. 14010-DAR-06/71.
<br />U.S.E.P.A., Supt. of Doc., Washington,
<br />D.C.. 1971.
<br />F. T. Caruccio, "An Evaluation Of
<br />Factors Affecting Acid Mine Drainage
<br />Production and the Ground water Inter-
<br />actions in Selected Areas of Western
<br />Pennsylvania," Proceedings of the 2nd
<br />Symposium on Coal Mine Drainage Research,
<br />Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., Monroe-
<br />ville, Penna., 1968.
<br />F. T. Caruccio, "Estimating the Acid
<br />Potential of Coal Ming Refuse,' The
<br />Ecology of Resource Deq;adation and
<br />Renewal, Edi [ed by Chadwick and Good-
<br />man, Hfackwell Scientific Publications,
<br />pp. 197-205, 1973.
<br />4. F. T. Caruccio and G. Ceidel, "Geo-
<br />chemical Factors Affecting Coal Mine
<br />Drainage Quality," Reclamation of
<br />Drastically Disturbed Lands, American
<br />Society of Agronomy, Chap. 8, pp.
<br />129-148, 1978.
<br />5. C. Ceidel, "Alkaline and Acid Production
<br />Potentials of Overburden Material: The
<br />Rate of Release,' Reclam~t io~n~Re~v~iew,
<br />Vol. 2, No. 3, Pe rg amon resVi s, 1980.
<br />6. K. L. Temple and W. A. Koehler,
<br />"Drainage from Bituminous Coal Mines,"
<br />Engr. Exp. Station Bull. 25, West
<br />Virginia Univ., Morgantown, W. Va.,
<br />1954.
<br />7. F. T. Caruccio, J. C. Ferro, J. Horne,
<br />G. Geidel and B. Baganz, 'Paleoenviron-
<br />ment of Coal and Its Relation to
<br />Drainage Quality," E.P.A. 600/7-77-067,
<br />Natl. Tech, Inf. Serv „ Springfield,
<br />Va., 1977,
<br />8. A. A. Sobek, W. A. Schuller, J. R,
<br />Freeman and R. M. Smith, 'Field and
<br />Laboratory Methods Applicable to
<br />Overburdens and Mine Soils," U.S.E.P.A.
<br />publication EPA 600/2-78-d54, Industrial
<br />Environmental Research Laboratory,
<br />Cincinnati, Ohio, 1978.
<br />443
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