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<br />cropland provides food and shelter for some wildlife-
<br />Native rangeland and nearby areas of pinyon and juniper
<br />provide shelter and nesting areas. Suitable management
<br />for wildlife should include protecting the unit irem
<br />overgrazing, providing protection from wildfire, and
<br />maintaining adequate plant cover, including areas of
<br />pinyon and juniper. In cropland areas, favorable habitat
<br />can be developed by maintaining plant cover along
<br />fences and ditches and in corners of fields.
<br />Low soil strength and high shrink-swell potential are
<br />the main limitations for homesite and urban
<br />development. The foundations of buildings should be
<br />designed to compensate for the high shrink-swell
<br />potential of the soil. Roads should be designed to
<br />overcome the Nmifations of low soil strength and high
<br />shrink-swell potential. The slow permeability should be
<br />considered when planning septic tank absorption fields.
<br />Sewage lagoons work well if £he limitation of slope is
<br />overcome.
<br />This map unit is in capability subclass IVe, irrigated
<br />and nonirrigated.
<br />,This
<br />unit consists of deep, somewhat poorly drained and
<br />poorly drained, nearly level soils that formed in recent
<br />alluvial deposits bordering major drainageways on alluvial
<br />valley floors. The areas are dissected by old river
<br />channels and by smaller streams. Elevation is 6,000 to
<br />8,000 feel. The average annual precipitation is 15 to 20
<br />inches. The average annua! air temperature is 42 to 50
<br />degrees F, and the frost-free period is 90 to t30 days.
<br />The soils in this unit are extremely variable. The
<br />surface layer ranges from gravelly or cobbly loam to
<br />sandy foam. Stratified sandy loam, sand, and gravel are
<br />at a depth of 5 to 20 inches.
<br />Permeability of these Fluvaquents is moderately rapid
<br />or rapid. Effective rooting depth is 12 to 40 inches or
<br />more because of the presence of a fluctuating water
<br />table. Available water capacity is very !ow to low. Runoff
<br />is slow, and the hazard of erosion is slight. The soils
<br />have a fluctuating water table between depths of t 2 and
<br />40 inches year round.
<br />Included in this unit are small areas of Pescar fine
<br />sandy loam, Teflon loam, Riverwash, gravel. and sand
<br />bars.
<br />This unit is used for livestock grazing and wildlife
<br />habitat.
<br />The native vegetation is mainly cottonwood, willows,
<br />sedges, rushes, tufted hairgrass, yarrow, and iris. Proper
<br />grazing use as part of a planned grazing system helps to
<br />maintain the desired quality and quantity of the
<br />rangeland vegetation. Deferred grazing facilitates
<br />revegetation and improves areas of rangeland in poor
<br />condition. Brush control may be needed in some places.
<br />Wildlife such as squirrel, mule dear, coyote, rabbit, and
<br />waierfow! use this unit. The unit is suited io the
<br />production of wetland plants that provide nesting areas,
<br />$elt Survey
<br />protective cover, and food for waterfowl. The location of
<br />this unit near areas of irrigated cropland makes it
<br />valuable to both wetland and rangeland wildlife. Suitable
<br />management far wi(diife snould include pro£ecting the
<br />unit from overgrazing.
<br />If this unit is used for homesite development, the main
<br />limitations are the fluctuating water table and hazard of
<br />flooding. Buildings and roads should be designed to
<br />overcome thew limitations. These limitations restrict the
<br />construction of sewage systems and may contribute to
<br />the pollution of ground water. Drainage and protection
<br />from flooding should be established before construction
<br />is begun.
<br />This map unit is in capability subclass Vllw,
<br />nonirrigated.
<br />29-FOrtwingate stony sandy loam, 3 to 72 percent
<br />slopes. This moderately deep, well drained soil is on
<br />mountainsides. it formed in material derived from
<br />sandstone and mixed with loess. Elevation is 7,600 to
<br />8,800 feet. The average annual precipitation is t8 to 22
<br />inches. The average annual air temperature 4i to 45
<br />degrees F, and the frost-free pedod is 90 to 1 t0 days.
<br />Typically, the surface is covered with a layer of organic
<br />material i inch thick. The sudace layer is brown stony
<br />fine sandy loam about 1 inch thick. The next layer is
<br />pinkish gray stony fine sandy loam about 6 inches thick.
<br />The upper part of the subsoil is light brown loam about 5
<br />inches thick, the next part is reddish brown clay loam
<br />about 13 inches chink, and the lower pars is reddish
<br />yellow stony sandy clay loam about 7 inches thick over
<br />sandstone. Sandstone commonly is at a depth of 20 to
<br />40 inches. in some places the surface layer is stony
<br />foam.
<br />Included in this unit are about 15 portent Goldvale
<br />very stony tine sandy loam and small areas of Rock
<br />outcrop, Valto very stony fino sandy loam, Nordicol very
<br />stony sandy loam, and Anvik loam.
<br />Permeability of this Fortwingate soil is moderately
<br />slow. Efective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches because
<br />of the presence of hard bedrock. Available water
<br />capacity is low. Runoff is medium, antl the hazard of
<br />erosion is slight.
<br />This unit is used mainly as woodland and for livestock
<br />grazing and homesite developmenl. !t is also used for
<br />wildlife habitat.
<br />This unit is well suited to the production of ponderosa
<br />pine. On the basis of a site index of 65, the potential
<br />production of marketable timber per acre is 4,025 cubic
<br />feet or 18,300 board feet (International rule) from an
<br />even-aged, fully stocked stand of trees 100 years old.
<br />The main concerns in producing and harvesting timber
<br />are reforestation and providing protection from erosion
<br />along roads and in other areas where vegetation has
<br />bean removed. Harvesting may be restricted during
<br />periods of heavy snowfall or rainfall or during snowmeli.
<br />Reforestation should be carefully managed to reduce
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