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--~'- - - -- ~ --- :~.}:, ;EAU .- '-1~ c~','. P1,~ ~l r,
<br />. = ~m. :hem 1381, 53. 832-u;3 •
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<br />20D2-2007.
<br />RECE1v1iD for review August 13, 1990. Accepted January 2,
<br />1991. This work wag supported iby the U.S. Department of
<br />Energy, lliviaion of Materials Scikllce, Office of AasiC Energy
<br />Science (DE•AC02-76C1i00016).
<br />Trace Determination and Speciation of Cyanide tan by Atomic
<br />Absorption Spectroscopy ,
<br />Jeffrey J. Roeontreter••t and Rodney K. Skogorboe
<br />Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
<br />By utl9:lnp a high aelectlva reaction fwtween Wver metal and
<br />cyanide Iona, an apparatus and procedure for the analytical
<br />determinatlon of aqueous cyanlda apaeiea hero boon dsrsl-
<br />oped. The rapid enelyala of free cyanide has bean aehlavsd
<br />tluough the use o1 pure illver flNers as the rsaetlon medium
<br />anA atomic pbsorpllon epadrowpy as the dslsellon method.
<br />This methodology bee stowed for the quantltatlra dateotlon
<br />of cyanide lone down to the sub-patYS•par•bllllon tarot. By
<br />Incorporatlnp selective oxtdatlon, kinetic aqulllbHa, and pho-
<br />todlssoelatton teehnlques, rho silver-eyenlge reatltlon tech-
<br />nique has bean adapted to provide a mesrre of cata{)orlcalty
<br />epeclallnq aquaoua cyanide compounds. The complete aye
<br />tam has been shown to De free from common ehemlcal In•
<br />tarlerences, Including lhlocyanale. Thla detecflon system
<br />provldas hleh•apeed cyanlda delarminatlona with little 1o no
<br />sample preparallon or Instrument 9uparvlslon.
<br />INTRODUCTION
<br />Cyanidee are used and produced is ::.a,::: indr.~c:,'. ,:n,-
<br />Ccases and can he found in the rfauen:F „i mminq r,n. rH~ i~~n:.
<br />roctal plating ahnp8, and steel m~i'- -,~ - - -
<br />hy far the largest con6umer of C:•nr'
<br />t?O r><7!) tuns of sodium cya;lid= ; -: -
<br />~!, 'Yrosent address: (:hemislr; L'er..:
<br />Poratellu. ID 83.09.
<br />~~
<br />ueo and produce mainly inorgatl cyanide compounds, in-
<br />ciudingionic and moleculartyani~o and metal cyanide com-
<br />plexes of varying stability. The ve~iuus forma of cyanide have
<br />profoundly differing toxicological effocte (2). A5 a result, it
<br />is important to bo able to differen~iats between these various
<br />Forma of cyanide.
<br />Must cyanide determillationp, including the ASTM
<br />Standard Methods (3), consist of p preparative and a deter-
<br />mination step. Tha primary object(1•es of the preparative step
<br />include the removal of interferengea and lire differentiation
<br />of cyanide species. Generally, at1 ~cid distillation is used la
<br />fulfill both objectives. Species dit(erentintion is achieved by
<br />varying the distillation conditions. ''tt~'hhe various cyanide species
<br />can bo grouped wdthin widely used end accepted cla4sifieations
<br />(3). The first classification ie for free or available cyanide,
<br />refersillg to species that may exist updor normal environmenml
<br />conditions, as the moloculat acid HCN) or the cyanide ion
<br />(CNy. A second category consi6ts r metal cyanide complexes.
<br />Thi9 cate;or: i further subditlded (nw strong and weak metal
<br />complexes. U: this paper, the eltonp~ complexes will be referred
<br />toss ccan;;e3 sot ,nncnable to ch[prinatiun (CNATC). This
<br />imp~,rtant. class includes cyanides that arc nut affected by
<br />c:..er r:o=,~, c:nrrr puriticatinn. Strong (CNATC) and weak
<br />'::ec.i! •:•anidea :;rn roughly divided by their formation ttm-
<br />. ~: - ~ ~:ecing a Pi~~ uC aPProximsteic 30 or
<br />..-..::.d most wirlai_v used, class is tiu ~r,au
<br />. r..__ -...__..._'r:on, which ie the sum total of the carious
<br />%:es ~._. shown by ey 1. This ie Che cyanide etas-
<br />LLC3-. ,'~^, a ....,_ .. c,. __.__. ~ ~, 1'Jkl AmetlC9a Chnmiral Gnfbly
<br />
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