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CONTENTS <br /> <br /> <br /> Pa e <br />Abstract ................................................................ 1 <br />Introduction ............................................................ 1 <br />Stabilization procedures ................................................ 2 <br />Physical stabilization ............................................. 2 <br />Chemical stabilization ............................................. 3 <br />Chemical field trial .......................................... 6 <br />Vegetative stabilization ........................................... 7 <br />Preliminary vegetative testing ................................ 8 <br />Species selection ........................................ 8 <br />Microvegetative stabilization ............................ 9 <br />Chemical-vegetative procedure ...................................... 9 <br />Field tests ................................................... 11 <br />Comparative costs ....................................................... 12 <br />Ongoing Bureau of Mines research ................................. .... 13 <br />Reducing maintenance costs ......................................... 13 <br />Vegetating adverse tailings .... .................................. 14 <br />Salinity and heavy metal salt problems ........................ 14 <br />Effect of heavy metal salts on seed germination ............... 15 <br />Interactions of fertilizers and heavy metal minerals.......... 15 <br />Overcoming salinity and acidity problems ...................... 16 <br />Modification of tailing pH .................................... 17 <br />Altering the structure and organic composition of tailings,........ 18 <br />Structural and organic modifications of tailings .............. 18 <br />Buried organic layers ......................................... 19 <br />Pelletization of tailings ........................ ............ 21 <br />Combinatiott of pelletization and buried organic layers........ 22 <br />Costs of methods using sludge as pellets . .......................... 23 <br />Conclusions ............................................................. 25 <br />References .............................................................. 26 <br />ILLUSTRATIONS <br />1. Water jet ........................................................... 4 <br />'-. Wind tunnel ................................... .................... S <br />3. Effect of a buried sewage sludge layer of 16-3/4-inch depth <br />on the oxidation of tailing sulfides,..... ..................... 24 <br />+. Effect of a buried sewage sludge layer of 4-3 /4-inch depth <br />on the oxidation of tailing sulfides .............................. 24 <br />TABLES <br />Cost comparison of stabilization methods ............... ... ........ <br />• I2 <br />2-inch <br />'-• Germination and survival of four species of plants with <br />sludge Layers at various depths ................................... 19 <br />~• Plant and root growth of tomatoes...... ... ..... ............ <br />• <br />• <br />~ 20 <br />buried <br />sludge <br />layers <br />• Germination and survival of plants with <br />and pelletized cover............... .... ... .. ...... ...... <br />• <br />~ <br />~ <br />• <br />• 21 <br />buried <br />survival <br />of <br />plants on <br />~• Comparison of overall germination and <br />sludge layer plots ........................... .................... 22 <br />`'• Cost comparison of auxiliary stabilization methods .................. 23 <br />