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98-Midway clay loam, 9 to 30 percent slopes. This III <br />is a shallow, well drained soil on hilt slopes and ridges. , <br />This soil formed in calcareous, clayey material derived <br />from shale and mudstone. The average annual <br />precipitation is 13 to 17 inches, the average annual air <br />temperature is 47' F, and the average frost-free season <br />!s 126 to 142 days. Elevation is 5,200 to 6,500 feet. <br />Typically, the surlace layer is neutral, olive brown clay <br />loam about 3 inches thick. The layer below that is mildly <br />alkaline, light olive brown clay loam about 7 inches thick. <br />The underlying material to a depth of 14 inches is <br />moderately alkaline, light yellowish brown clay. Soft <br />shale is at a depth of 14 inches. <br />Included in mapping are small areas of Primen soils on <br />cobbly and gravelly ridges, Renohill Soils on hill slopes, <br />Slandley and Nunn soils on fans, and soils on hill slopes <br />that have cobbles on the surface. Also included are <br />small areas of Urban land. The included soils and Urban <br />land make up about 15 percent of the total acreage. <br />Permeability of this Midway soil is slow. The available <br />water capacity is low. The elfeclive rooting depth is 6 to <br />20 inches. Runoff is rapid, and water erosion is a severe <br />hazard. Soil blowing is a moderate hazard. The depth to <br />soft bedrock ranges from 6 to 20 inches. The shrink- <br />swell potential is high. Rock fragments make up 0 l0 15 <br />percent of the volume. <br />This soil is used for grazing, as habitat for wildlife, and <br />as recreation areas. In a few places it is used as <br />homesiles. <br />The native vegetation is mainly western wheatgrass, <br />green needlegrass, sideoats grams, and <br />needleandlhread. The average annual production of air- <br />dry vegetation ranges from 300 to 600 pounds per acre. <br />.Proper grazing use and a planned grazing system are <br />needed to maintain the quality and quantity of the <br />desirable plants and to prevent erosion. Periodic <br />iillllllillll III .nations to use of the soil for homesite <br />999 re the slope, the shallowness to rock, anc <br />uie eiunin-ono~l potential. The deep cuts needed to <br />provide a sufficiently level building site expose bedrock. <br />Structures to divert runolf ere needed to protect <br />buildings and roads. The effects of shrinking and <br />swelling can be minimized by proper engineering design: <br />and by backfilling with material that has a low shrink- <br />swell potential and installing surlace and subsurface <br />drains near foundations. Properly installed file drains <br />below the foundation and minimal surface watering near <br />the foundation help prevent seepage into basements an <br />minimize the effects of shrinking and swelling. Cuts and <br />tills should be seeded or mulched. Effluent from an <br />absorption field can surface downslope and create a <br />health hazard. Erosion and sedimentation can be <br />controlled by maintaining an adequate plant cover. <br />This soil is in capability subclass Vle, In the Shely <br />Foothill range site, and in plant adaptability group F-2. <br />deferment of grazing during the growing season helps <br />maintain or improve the range condition. Seeding speeds <br />revegetation in areas depleted by heavy grazing or other <br />disturbances. Small pastures commonly are severely <br />overgrazed and eroded. Livestock in small pastures <br />should be kept in pens. The rest of the pasture can be <br />used as exercise areas and for very limited grazing. <br />On this soil, grasses, shrubs, trees, and garden plants <br />are difficult to establish and maintain because of the <br />shallowness to rock and the slope. A mulch of plant <br />residue helps reduce runolf, improve filth, and conserve <br />moisture. Applications of manure and commercial <br />fertilizers that contain nitrogen and phosphorus are <br />needed to maintain fenility. Selecting adapted plants is <br />essential in establishing plantings. Planting on the <br />contour helps conserve moisture and reduce erosion. <br />Supplemental watering is needed at the time of planting <br />end in dry periods. <br />The small areas of Urban land are covered by streets, <br />parking lots, sidewalks, buildings, and other impervious <br />manmade structures. Because runoff is rapid, storm <br />drains, natural drainageways, and land grading must <br />• accommodate increased Vows to prevent flooding <br />downslope in areas that normally would not be subject to <br />flooding. <br />n <br />I <br />