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REPORT TERMINOLOGY <br />(Based on ASTM D653) <br />Allowable Soil The recommended maximum contact stress developed at the interface of the foundation <br />Bearing Capacity element and the supporting material. <br />Alluvium Soil, the constituents of which have been transported in suspension by flowing water and <br /> subsequently deposited by sedimentation. <br />Aggregate Base A layer of specified material placed on a subgrade or subbase usually beneath slabs or <br />Course pavements. <br />Backfill A specified material placed and compacted in a confined area. <br />Bedrock A natural aggregate of mineral grains connected by strong and permanent cohesive forces. <br />Usually requires drilling, wedging, blasting or other methods of extraordinary farce for <br />excavation. <br />Bench A horizontal surface in a sloped deposit. <br />Caisson (Drilled A concrete foundation element cast in a circular excavation which may have an enlarged <br />Pier or Shaft) base. Sometimes referred to as a cast-in-place pier or drilled shaft. <br />Coefficient of A constant proportionality factor relating normal stress and the corresponding shear stress at <br />Friction which sliding starts between the two surfaces. <br />Colluvium Soil, the constituents of which have been deposited chiefly by gravity such as at the foot of a <br />slope or cliff. <br />Compaction The densification of a soil by means of mechanical manipulation <br />Concrete Slab-on- A concrete surface layer cast directly upon a base, subbase or subgrade, and typically used <br />Grade as a floor system. <br />Differential Unequal settlement or heave between, or within foundation elements of structure. <br />Movement <br />Earth Pressure The pressure exerted by soil on any boundary such as a foundation wall. <br />ESAL Equivalent Single Axle Load, a criteria used to convert traffic to a uniform standard, (18,000 <br />pound axle loads). <br />Engineered Fill Specifed material placed and compacted to specified density and/or moisture conditions <br />under observations of a representative of a geotechnical engineer. <br />Equivalent Fluid A hypothetical fluid having a unit weight such that it will produce a pressure against a lateral <br />support presumed to be equivalent to that produced by the actual soil. This simplified <br />approach is valid only when deformation conditions are such that the pressure increases <br />linearly with depth and the wall friction is neglected. <br />Existing Fi// (or Materials deposited throughout the action of man prior to exploration of the site. <br />Man-Made Fill) <br />Existing Grade The ground surface at the time of feld exploration. <br />ire <br />