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<br /> and an analysis of potential groundwater impacts. This report responds to that <br /> request. <br /> Groundwater quality standards used in this analysis are either human health <br /> standards, secondary standards, agricultural standards or Federal drinking water <br />~' standards, whichever is most restrictive. These ground water quality standards <br />were selected based on discussions with Har <br />Pose <br />of the DMG <br /> ry <br />y <br />. <br />' 3.0 Generation and Disposal of Cement Kiln Dust <br />' The Lyons cement plant currently generates approximately 20,000 - 30,000 tons <br /> of CKD annually. Cement kiln dust is made up of fine grained particulates of <br /> crushed and calcined limestone, shale, gypsum and silica. It contains the same <br />' constituents of the rocks that are in the vicinity of the plant. The cement kiln dust <br /> is removed from the kiln on a continuous basis when the kiln is operating. From <br /> there it is put into a pug mill and mixed with water prior to truck transport to the <br />' disposal area in the quarry. The addition of water keeps dusting to a minimum <br /> for the approximately 2000-foot haul distance into the quarry pit. The CKD is <br /> hauled in open dump trucks. <br />' <br /> <br />~ CKD is end dumped in C-pit. Permit number M-77-208 allows dust disposal in C- <br />~ Pit. The disposed dust is frequently sprayed with water from a battery of large <br />' sprinklers surrounding the disposal area. The sprinklers place enough water on <br /> the dust to minimize wind erosion, but not enough to saturate the mass. There is <br /> some surface runoff of sprinkler water into the bottom of C-pit but the volume is <br />' relatively minor. <br />4.0 Chemical Characteristics of the Cement Kiln Dust <br />i <br />~ 4.1 Sample Locations and Sampling Procedures <br /> The chemical characteristics of the CKD were evaluated by sampling and <br /> laboratory analysis of the CKD presently disposed in C-Pit. Sampling and <br />' laboratory analysis was also performed on cement raw materials (limestone and <br /> 3rd Ridge Shale), kiln feed, a background soil sample from a local pasture <br />i upgradient of the plant, and roadbed material along North 59th Street <br />, downgradient of the plant. These samples were obtained and analyzed to <br /> provide a baseline to evaluate the results of the CKD analyses. Samples of water <br /> from A-Pit and a local water well (downgradient from the plant) completed in the <br />' Dakota Sandstone were also collected for comparison. A-Pit was chosen <br /> because it is downgradient for surface water drainage. The Dakota Sandstone is <br />' the primary domestic well aquifer in this area. <br /> Sampling of the CKD and other solid and aqueous materials was performed by <br /> personnel from Banks and Gesso LLC and Grant Environmental, Inc. (Grant) on <br /> <br />