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9 30 U.S.C. § 1291(28).~Z~ Section 701(28) also does not specifically mention subsidence as included within its terms. The issue we address in this opinion is whether the provisions of section•522(e), which expressly apply to "surface coal mining operations," should be construed. as applying to subsidence from underground mining, which is note. referenced in the definition of that term. Analysis of this issue requires an understanding of how a prohibition of subsidence under section 522(e) would affect the underground mining of coal i.n the United States. Section 701(28) provides in full as follows: "surface coal mining operations" means-- (A) activities conducted on the surface of lands in connection with a surface coal mine or subject to the requirements of section 51E~ surface operations and surface impacts incident to an undE~rground coal mine, the products of which enter commerce or~the operations of which directly or indirectly affect inter;:tate commerce. Such activities include excavation for the~ipurpose of obtaining coal including such common methods as contour, strip, auger, mountaintop removal, box ciit, open pit, and area mining, the uses of explosives and bla:~sting, and in situ distillation or retorting, leaching or othiar chemical or physical `"''-= rocessin and .the:cleanin -~p g,~. g; concentrating,~~.or~other.::~,-:__ __ •:.;;::.: processing or preparation, loading of coal for.interstate~ - commerce at or near the mime site: Provided, however, That such activities do not include the extraction of•coal. incidental to the extracti<in of other minerals where coal does not exceed 36 2/3 per~centum of the tonnage of minerals removed for purposes of commercial use or sale 6r coal- explorations subject to se%tion 512 of this Act; and - (B) the areas upon which such activities occur or where such activities disturb the natural land surface. Such areas shall also include any adjiicent land the use of which is incidental to any such activities, all lands affected by the. construction of new roads qr the improvement or use of • existing roads•to gain acc~ass to the site-of such activities - and for haulage, and excav;itions,•workings; impoundments, • -dams, ventilation shafts, iantryways, refuse banks, dumps, ___ -stockpiles; overburden piles, spoil banks, culm banks, ••_ tailings, holes or depress.ions,'repair areas, storage .areas, • - processing areas, shipping,areas and other. areas upon which are sited structures, facilities, or other property or materials on the surface, resulting from or incident to such activities. 30 U.S.C. § 1291(28).