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2.5 Permanent Impoundment Demonstration <br />Permanent impoundments planned as part of the post-mining land use on naclaimed rangelands at <br />Trapper Mine include small Livestock Water Tanks (LSWT's). These ponds are all under two acre- <br />feet in volume and function exclusively to provide much needed drinking water to wildlife and livestock <br />species. In this semi-arid region of the West these types of ponds are of crucial benefd to reclaimed <br />rangelands as they greatly improve grazing distribution and vegetation utilization. Without the <br />adequately distributed water supplies that these ponds provide, wildlife and livestock species tend to <br />congregate around scarce available water supplies and grossly over-utilize a small part of the range <br />while failing to adequately utilize the majority of the range. This proves to be detrimental to both plant <br />and animal resources. <br />Livestock Water Tank locations are given on Map 2.0. LSWT design, certification and hydrologic <br />modeling information is located in Appendix 2.5. Appendix 2.5 information demonstrates that all <br />LSWT's meet DMG design criteria. Table 2.5-1 demonstrates that all LS'JVT's are succcessfully <br />providing drinking water to wildlife and livestock species on at least an ephemeral basis, which is as <br />much as can be expected in this region of the country. Some of the ponds provide drinking water on a <br />year round basis. <br /> <br />2-20 <br />