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precipitation ranges from 16 to 18 inches, the average annual soil <br />• temperature is 43°F to 45°F, the mean summer temperature is 56°F to <br />59°F, and the frost-free season is 75 to 90 days. <br />included with this soil in mapping are a few small areas of <br />sandstone and shale outcrops, shallow soils over sandstone, and <br />small areas of work soils. <br />The duff layer is decomposed and undecomposed leaves, twigs, and <br />grass. Typically the surface layer is a dark grayish brown loam <br />about 20 inches thick. The subsoil is a light yellowish brown clay <br />loam about 25 inches thick. The substratum is a light yellowish <br />brown clay loam to a depth of 60 inches. <br />Permeability is moderate. The available water capacity is high. <br />Effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface runoff is <br />rapid, and the erosion hazard is moderate from wind and high from <br />water. <br />Most of this mapping unit is native range and used for grazing. <br />Present and potential productivity of this soil is good. <br />17D-Work Loam, 3 to 12 Percent Slopes <br />This is a deep, well drained soil that is found throughout the <br />permit area. The soil is very useful for reclamation purposes, and <br />• its usefulness is limited only by its clay content. Mixing of this <br />soil may prove beneficial, as the heavy, textured horizons will be <br />mixed with lighter textured horizons. The soil developed in <br />interbedded sandstone and shale and is on upland benches and <br />sideslopes. The average annual precipitation ranges from 16 to 18 <br />inches, the average annual soil temperature is 43°F to 46°F, and the <br />frost-free season is 75 to 95 days. <br />Included with this soil in mapping are a few small areas of Regent, <br />Burnette, and Campspass soils. <br />Typically the surface layer is a grayish brown loam about 7 inches <br />thick. The upper subsoil is a brown heavy clay loam about 22 inches <br />thick. The lower subsoil is a yellowish brown clay loam about 30 <br />inches thick. It is calcareous below about 47 inches. <br />Permeability is moderate. The available water capacity is high. <br />Effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface runoff is <br />slow, and the erosion hazard is moderate from wind and water. <br />Most of this mapping unit is native range and used for grazing. <br />Present and potential productivity of this soil is good. <br /> <br />2.04.9-4 <br />