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• seeding rates, it is doubtful that enough elfalfa would be available to <br />produce symptoms in livestock. <br />CICER MILKVEICH: ASTRAGALUS CICER <br />Cicer milkvetch is a European introduction used in Colorado for <br />irrigated and dry land meadows and hay. Growth is best in sandy loam <br />soils on moist sites. Reproduction ie both sexual and vegetative. It <br />does well nt higher elevations with short growing seasons. <br />LUPINE: LUPINUS SPP. <br /> The rating is based on a composite profile of ~. araenteus. yy <br />• caudatus, j~. ammohilus,~. caesoitosus, ji. aarviflorus and y. <br /> n +nonl+il+s . Lupines are native, non-weedy perennial forbs that may be <br /> capable of nitrogen fixation. They are major poisoners of livestock. <br /> Lupine species and varieties are taxonomically difficult and it is <br /> unwise to place absolute dependence on names used in the poisonous <br /> plants literature. This is unfortunate since it has been shown that: <br /> 1. Different lupines produce symptoms that differ in a given <br /> class of livestock, <br /> 2. That susceptibility of different classes of livestock to a <br /> particular lupine varies under range conditions, <br /> 3. That species of lupines vary seasonally in toxicity in <br /> different ways, and <br /> 4. That some species of lupine, perhaps the majority, are <br /> acceptable or desirable forage under usual range conditions. <br />• Alkaloids are the chemicals responsible for the toxic <br /> character. <br /> Mid-term '94 4.4-A-21 September 15,1994 <br />