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Chapter 26 <br />• Use adequate stemming. <br />1. Use crushed stone for stemming in wet holes Cor better confine- <br />mentand to avoid densifying water with fines so that low-density <br />top charges may float. <br />2. Use additional stemming on front row if excessive backbreak <br />from the previous shot is present. <br />• Maintain accurate drilling. Use setbacks to determine burden on <br />the next shot. <br />• Use drill patterns having nearly equal spacing-to-burden ratios. <br />• Use a longer delay interval between rows than between holes in s <br />row. In deep multirow blasts this promotes forward rather than <br />upward movement of the burden. <br />• Be sure the blast proceeds in the proper sequence. <br />• Consider geologic anomalies. <br />1. Use nonexplosive decks through mud and dirt seams to prevent <br />blowout. <br />2. Have drillers report any solution cavities in limestone which <br />could be overloaded with bulk explosives. <br />3. Check with drillers when using inclined holes on high faces. <br />• Sho[ scheduling. <br />1. Schedule shoLS at times when neighbors are normally busy or <br />expect blasting to occur. <br />2. Avoid early morning or late afternoon shots to reduce possibility <br />of blasting during temperature inversions. <br />• Consider weather conditions as discussed previously. <br />• Avoid excessive delays between holes to prevent unburdening <br />holes. <br />• Consider beam formation when designing blast arrays. <br />1. Rate of blast progression along a free face should be less'than the <br />velocity of sound in air. <br />2. Minimize the number of opening holes having the same delay <br />period. <br />3. Avoid the use of long chazges in holes whose length is large <br />compazed with the burden on the hole. <br />The Ed,wre gmrn/u(ly orknomledgr thm musen^1( mthe/ollowi~sources u~as usedm(hepmporouo^ <br />a/CAopter 26. -ihAmnon and .9 it Blast" <br />M. A. Cook. -TAe Snenrr of N,gh Esplosues," A mer+rvn Chem+m(Sor¢ty MonogmpA, 1958. <br />U. Inr1g/ore and B. Xihfetmm,'The Modern Terhnipue o(Rork B/wnng." John N'ilrv & Sons. 1969. <br />N. R. Nsrho!(s, C F /ohnm^ aid W !. Dv<a!!. "elmung V+bmliuns and Thrir E~ ne ^n Suurturn," <br />U S Bureau o/Mmn 8ulletm 8656. 19]1 <br />B. E S,ekind and C R. Summrn. -B(ast Noue Sand^rds and Instrumenmtbn:' U. S Bureau o/Mmo <br />Tmhvml Progress Rrpon A]8. 19]4. <br />Chapter 27 <br />Transportation, Storage, Handling, <br />and Destruction <br />Federal, state, and sometimes local regulations govern the many steps <br />involved in transporting, storing, and handling explosive materials. <br />They are intended to minimize hazardous exposure of personnel and <br />insure that the explosives remain stable and usable. While the follow- <br />ing are offered as general guidelines, each individual user must de- <br />termine the current governmental laws and regulations which apply <br />to his use of these materials. No attempt has been made in this <br />chapter [o describe even generally all of the Federal rules that apply, <br />and no treatment has been made of state or local rules or regulations. <br />TRANSPORTING EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS <br />Interstate transportation is regulated by the United States Depart <br />ment of Transportation (DOTI. The DOT regulations include: (1) spec- <br />ifications covering packaging (container and shipping paper require- <br />ments.i; (2) labeling and placarding; (3) materials compatibility; (4) <br />materials forbidden in interstate transportation; and (5) safety regu- <br />lations for the driver, vehicle, and vehicle operation. <br />Two typical violations of DOT provisions are: (11 transporting ex- <br />plosives in a for-hire passenger car or vehicle intended for transport of <br />people; and 12) delivering explosive materials under deceptive mark- <br />ing or false declarations. <br />The United Nations has established a "Committee of Experts" to <br />develop uniform regulations within world trade. This committee has <br />standardized classifying, labeling, placarding, and shipping paper <br />descriptions. Several nations have adopted these regulations. The <br />Intergovernmental Maritime Consultation Organization (IMCO) <br />Dangerous Goods Code covers water transportation within the United <br />Nations system. <br />Motor vehicles are most commonly used to transport explosive <br />materials although rail, water, and air shipments are used in some <br />situations. Operators of motor vehicles should know the Code of Fed- <br />eral Regulations: Title 49, Chapter III, Parts 390-397. Administered <br />s, <br /> <br /> <br />446 ~ 447 <br />