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<br />V. IMPACTS <br />5.1 DIRECT ADVERSE IMPACTS <br />5.1.1 The Colowyo Mine Site <br />Direct adverse impacts include the potential destruction of sites <br />at the mine site by construction and expansion of access roads and by <br />the strip mining. It is assumed that the two prehistoric sites and two <br />historic sites located at the mine site will eventually be directly <br />affected by those activities. <br />5.1.2 The Railroad Routes <br />The grading and filling activities involved in construction of the <br />railroad will destroy or cover sites and also constitute direct adverse <br />impacts. It is assumed that all prehistoric and historic sites located <br />within the railroad rights of way will suffer direct adverse impacts. <br />Twenty-six prehistoric and 7 historic sites are located in the Route A <br />right of way. Along Route B, 9 prehistoric and 6 historic sites are <br />• located within the right of way. Route C will directly affect between <br />20 and 22 prehistoric sites and 4 historic sites, the exact number depend- <br />ing on how the route will connect with the loading spur. <br />Vibration resulting from operation of the railroad can also cause <br />direct adverse impacts, particularly with respect to sites containing <br />rock art. Vibration from Empire Energy Mine trucks using a neaiby.road has <br />been cited as one of the possible reasons for the almost complete destruc- <br />tion of the rock art at SME289. It is assumed that the same type of <br />adverse impact will occur at SMF435, which is located about 300 meters <br />outside the right of way of Routes A and B in Milk Rock Canyon. A number <br />of figures, including horsemen, bears, and antelope or deer, are drawn on <br />the friable sandstone walls of the shelter. Spalling of the walls, and <br />the consequent destruction of the pictographs, can be considered a <br />certainty if the railroad is built through Milk Creek Canyon. If blasting <br />is done in the vicinity during construction of the railroad, a similar <br />adverse effect will result. <br />• <br />