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Longterm and cumulative impacts on peregrine falcons are not expected to occur. This project will not impact the viability of the species, or result in a trend of peregrine falcon towards federal listing. Northern goshawk: No northern goshawk occurteuce has been formally docimmented in the proposed project area. Preferred habitat includes mature to over-mature coniferous fon>st with a 75-80% intermediate -closed canopy, moderate (I 5-35%) slope, and northern aspect Goshawk nests ate normally found within stands of lazge trees with dense canopy and open imderstory. Foraging activities are conducted within intermediate-closed canopy, open-understory forest, and within small forest openings. Northern goshawk prey upon grouse, quail, pheasant, ducks smaller hawks and owls, hare, rabbit, squirrel, woodchuck, chipmunk, mice, and shrews. Goshawk home ranges are about 6,000 acres and have been divided into three components: 1) nest site core area, 2) a post tledgmg/family area,.and 3) a foraging area_ Of these, the nest area is the most habitat specific. Nest areas require about a 30.acre stand of Urge old trees with a dense canopy cover. Most goshawks have two to four alternate nest areas within their home range. The post fledging/family area and foraging area can consist of a wide variety of habitat as long as prey is abundant There is no suitable goshawk nesting habitat in or near the project area. Goshawk foraging could occur in the area, but this is doubtful as habitat where these birds typically forage is lacking. Project activities will not impact goshawk reproducfive behavior. Longterm and cumulative impacts on northern goshawks are not expected to occur. "I7ris project will not impact the viability of the species, or result in a trend of Northern goshawk towards federal lisn_ng, Nor~[hem harrier: The northern harrier is found in both wet and dry open terrain, trot is most often found around marshes, especially in the nesting season. Hamer nests are found on the ground in dense fields and marshes, either in shallow depressions or as a platform of sticks, grass and weeds, This species is known to occur in the Gnnn;snn national Forest Harriers have been observed during surveys conducted for other projects, but none were observed in the project area in 2005 or at other neazby sites since 2002. There is no suitable northern barrier nesting habitat in or near the project area. Hamer foraging could occur in the area, but would be limited to nearby meadows that would not be disturbed by the proposed activities. Project activities will not impact northern harrier reproductive behavior. bong term and cumulative impacts on northern harriers are not expected to occur. This project will not impact the viability of the species, or result in a trend of Northern harrier towazds federal listing Yellow-biIled cackoo: This species has been addressed in the Biological Assessment for this project 13