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Golden Area, Colorado
<br />The native vegetation is mainly Rocky Mountain
<br />juniper, mountainmahogany, Griffith wheatgrass, and
<br />t sideoats grams. The average annual production of air-
<br />dry vegetation ranges from 300 to 700 pounds per acre.
<br />Proper grazing use and a planned grazing system are
<br />' needed to maintain the quality and quantity of the
<br />desirable plants and to prevent erosion. Periodic
<br />deferment of grazing during the growing season helps
<br />maintain or improve the range condition. The Boller soil
<br />' is difficult to revegetate; therefore, proper grazing use is
<br />needed to prevent depletion. The steepness of slopes
<br />limits access by livestock and promotes overgrazing of
<br />the less sloping areas. Small pastures commonly are
<br />'severely overgrazed and eroded. Livestock in small
<br />pastures should be kept in pens. The rest of the pasture
<br />can be used as exercise areas and for very limited
<br />' grazing.
<br />Grasses, shrubs, trees, and garden plants are difficult
<br />to establish and maintain because of the slope, depth to
<br />rock, and large stones. A mulch of plant residue helps to
<br />'reduce runoff, improve filth, and conserve moisture.
<br />Applications of manure and commercial fertilizers that
<br />contain nitrogen and phosphorus are needed to maintain
<br />' fertility. Selecting adapted plants is essential in
<br />establishing plantings. Planting on the contour helps to
<br />conserve moisture and reduce erosion. Pebbles and
<br />cobbles should be removed from the surtace in disturbed
<br />areas for best results in landscaping, particularly for
<br />lawns. Deep cuts made in land grading should be
<br />covered with a layer of topsoil. Supplemental irrigation is
<br />' needed at the time of planting and during dry periods.
<br />The small areas of Urban land are covered by streets,
<br />parking lots, sidewalks, buildings, and other impervious
<br />manmade structures. Because runoff is rapid, storm
<br />' drains, natural drainageways, and land grading must
<br />accommodate increased Ilows to prevent flooding
<br />downslope in areas that normally are not subject to
<br />'flooding.
<br />The main limitations to use of the Boller soil for
<br />homesite development are slope, depth to rock, and
<br />large stones. The deep cuts needed to provide a
<br />'sufficiently level building site can expose bedrock.
<br />Structures to divert runoff from buildings and roads are
<br />needed. If the density of housing is moderate to high, a
<br />community sewage system is needed to prevent
<br />'contamination of the water supply by seepage. Effluent
<br />from absorption fields can surface downslope and create
<br />a health hazard. Cuts and tills should be seeded or
<br />mulched. Erosion and sedimentation can be controlled
<br />'by maintaining an adequate plant cover. Some areas can
<br />be used as open space and parks planted with native
<br />vegetation and other adapted plants.
<br />This complex is in capability subclass Vlle. The Boller
<br />soil is in the Shallow Foothill range site and in plant
<br />adaptability group F-7.
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<br />0-Boller Variant-Lavina-Rock outcrop complex,
<br />to 5 percent slopes. The areas of this complex are
<br />hill opes and ridges associated with extrusive volca c
<br />flows nd dikes. The average annual precipitation is 5
<br />to 17 ches, the average annual air temperature is 7'
<br />F, and a average frost-free season is 126 to 142 ays
<br />Elevalio is 5,600 to 6,500 feet.
<br />Boller ariant soil makes up 45 percent of this
<br />complex, ovens soil makes up 25 percent, and ock
<br />outcrop m es up 20 percent. Boller Variants is on
<br />hill slopes d ridges, Lavina soil is on hill slo es, and
<br />Rock outcro is on shoulders and in eroded reas. The
<br />soils and Ro outcrop are in areas so intri tely
<br />intermingled t tit was not practical to ma them
<br />separately alt scale used in mapping.
<br />Included in m ping are small areas o Denver and
<br />Kutch soils on hit slopes and terraces. he included
<br />soils make up abo t 10 percent of the otal acreage.
<br />The Boller Varia soil is shallow a well drained. It
<br />formed in noncalcar ous, gravelly, to my material
<br />derived from volcani rock.
<br />Typically, the surtac layer is ne rat, dark yellowish
<br />brown stony sandy loo about 3 ' ches thick. The lower
<br />part of the surtace Jaye is neutr ,brown to dark brown
<br />very gravelly sandy loam inch s thick. Below that,
<br />there is a layer of soft, w the d bedrock 9 inches
<br />thick. Hard bedrock (ladle) 's t a depth of 17 inches.
<br />Permeability of the Boller ariant soil is moderately
<br />rapid. The available water c achy is low. The effective
<br />rooting depth is 10 to 20 i h s. Runoff is medium to
<br />rapid, and water erosion i a s vere hazard. Soil blowing
<br />is a slight hazard. The d th to and bedrock ranges
<br />from 10 to 20 inches. T e shrin swell potential is low.
<br />Rock fragments make p 35 to 6 percent of the
<br />volume.
<br />The Lavina soil is allow and w I drained. It formed
<br />in calcareous, claye alluvium and I ss deposited over
<br />hard volcanic rock
<br />Typically, the s face layer is neulra brown to dark
<br />brown loam abo 5 inches thick. The bsoil is neutral,
<br />dark yellowish own clay about 7 inche thick. Hard
<br />bedrock (lathe is at a depth of 12 inche
<br />Permeabilit of the Lavina soil is slow. a available
<br />water capac' is low. The effective rooting depth is 10
<br />to 20 inche .Runoff is medium to rapid, an water
<br />erosion is severe hazard. Soil blowing is a light
<br />hazard. T e depth to hard bedrock ranges fro 10 to 20
<br />inches. a shrink-swell potential is moderate high.
<br />Rock Ir gments make up 0 to 15 percent of th volume.
<br />Roc outcrop consists of exposures of volcani rock,
<br />talus, nd large boulders. In areas of Rock outer ,
<br />plan can take root only in cracks and fissures. R Hoff
<br />is r pfd, but water erosion is only a slight hazard.
<br />he soils in this complex are used mainly for graz g
<br />a d as pasture, as habitat for wildlife, and as recreate n
<br />reas. A few areas are used as a source of aggregate.
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