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HYDRO27084
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HYDRO27084
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Last modified
8/24/2016 8:46:29 PM
Creation date
11/20/2007 7:31:14 PM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
DRMS Permit Index
Permit No
M1999002
IBM Index Class Name
Hydrology
Doc Date
7/7/2004
Doc Name
Cavity Characterization Study of Well 28-21
From
American Soda, LLP
To
DRMS
Permit Index Doc Type
Correspondence
Media Type
D
Archive
No
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contains seismic signals received at each sensor. The seismic signals are <br />inspected to obtain the arrival times of P- and/or S-waves that determine <br />the seismic velocity of each wave type in the rock mass. These velocity <br />values are used to define the velocity model within athree-dimensional <br />orthogonal block selected for seismic data processing. The volume of the <br />block is subdivided by a regularly spaced cubic grid, the size of which <br />determines the resolution of the ground image to be reconstructed by the <br />TRTT"' from reflected seismic waves. <br />The velocity model is then used by TRTr^" to calculate the times required <br />for a signal to travel from each source to each individual node of the grid <br />and back to each receiver. Subsequently, for each node, the parts of all <br />recorded seismic signals matching the appropriate travel times are <br />added together. For actual reflective structures, such as cavities, faults, <br />etc., the signals should superimpose, resulting in a large positive or <br />negative value (reflectivity number), If no structure is present at the node, <br />the signals should effectively cancel, resulting in near zero values. <br />Contour plots of a specific reflectivity number (positive and negative) are <br />made throughout the survey block to isolate and identify high-amplitude <br />anomalies that possibly represent reflections from actual structures in the <br />rock mass, <br />In practice, several factors must be considered in solving a particular <br />problem. For example, there is a trade-off between the levels of detail <br />obtained in the images versus the distance that can be imaged, Large <br />distances require a large grid spacing that limits the frequency range of <br />seismic signals acceptable for data processing and results in a relatively <br />low level of detail. Also, several filters are offen employed to modify the <br />raw seismic signals to subdue noise and enhance features in a particular <br />area of interest. <br />Section 2.0 Survey Procedure <br />The survey was conducted exclusively from the injection and production <br />steel pipes in Well 28-21 (figure A1). The nitrogen gas was released from <br />the well and replaced with the brine. The brine in both pipes provided <br />seismic coupling through the pipe walls to the brine and the rock mass <br />outside for both the seismic sources and the receivers. <br />A string of 10 hydrophones at 20-ff centers was used as the receivers (see <br />Appendix B for technical details). The receivers were attached to a multi- <br />wire cable and lowered to the desired depth in the production pipe. The <br />depth was precisely measured by lowering the radiation detector into the <br />
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